Kajian Pustaka Pengaruh Modifikasi Nitrogen terhadap Kandungan β-karoten serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Dunaliella salina
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Green microalgae (Dunaliella salina) is well known as a source of carotenoids due to their extraordinary ability to produce β-carotene. Carotenoids can be used as antioxidants. Dunaliella salina can grow even under stress culture media conditions. Limited Nutrient will induce carotenoid production. Modification of nutrient supply such as nitrogen can affect cell growth, β-carotene content, and antioxidant activity. The research was conducted with a systematic literature review (SLR) from the PubMed, Science direct, google scholar, and Springer databases using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) flowchart method. Five articles were included in the inclusion criteria in this study. Cell growth decreased under nitrogen-limited conditions. Modification of nitrogen can affect the biosynthetic pathway of β-carotene. The results of the study showed that the decrease in nitrogen concentration (in the form of KNO3 or NaNO3) affects the decrease or increase in the level of βcarotene so that fluctuating results are obtained. Antioxidant activity increased under conditions of reduced nitrogen seen from the increase in reducing power to DPPH as well as H2O2 decomposition as a result of increased enzyme activity of CAT, APX, PPX, PPO in response to stress conditions in culture media.
Keywords: Dunaliella salina, Nitrogen modification, β-carotene, Antioxidant.
ABSTRAK: Mikroalga hijau (Dunaliella salina) terkenal sebagai sumber karotenoid karena kemampuannya yang luar biasa dalam memproduksi β-karoten. Karotenoid dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan. Dunaliella salina dapat tumbuh meskipun berada dalam kondisi media kultur stres. Pembatasan nutrisi dapat menginduksi produksi karotenoid. Modifikasi suplai nutrisi seperti nitrogen dapat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan sel, kadar β-karoten, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui systematic literature review (SLR) dari database PubMed, Science direct, google scholar dan Springer dengan metode diagram alir PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Lima artikel masuk dalam kriteria inklusi pada kajian ini. Pertumbuhan sel menurun ketika berada dalam kondisi nitrogen terbatas. Modifikasi nitrogen dapat berpengaruh pada jalur biosintesis β-karoten. Dari hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan konsentrasi nitrogen (dalam bentuk KNO3 ataupun NaNO3) berpengaruh terhadap penurunan atau peningkatan kadar β-karoten sehingga diperoleh hasil fluktuatif. Aktivitas antioksidan meningkat pada kondisi penurunan nitrogen terlihat dari peningakatan daya reduksi terhadap DPPH maupun dekomposisi H2O2 akibat dari peningkatan aktivitas enzim CAT, APX, PPX, PPO sebagai respon dari kondisi stres pada media kultur.
Kata kunci: Dunaliella salina, Modifikasi Nitrogen, Antioksidan.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.29685
