Penelusuran Pustaka Metode Ekstraksi Pati dari Biji Tumbuhan
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Starch is widely used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations, this compound is found as a food reserve in plants, especially in the seeds. Finding the suitable method for extracting starch from plants is very important in obtaining optimal yield and ideal physicochemical properties of the starch product. Thus, this literature review study aims to summarize the extraction method used in extracting starch from plant seeds and determine the best conditions for extracting starch from the seeds of the plant based on the rendement yield and physicochemical properties of the starch. The journals included in this study used conventional extraction methods with water, NaOH and sodium metabisulfit for extracting starch from fresh or dried plant seed. The best extraction method of plant seeds starch is the extraction method using water from fresh plant seed. The method resulted in the highest starch (from walnut) yield 57.84% with a pH value of 6,62 which meets the pH criteria for starch written in the handbook of pharmaceutical excipients which is in the range of 4.0–8.0.
Keywords: Extraction, starch, rendement, pH.
ABSTRAK: Pati yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan sediaan farmasi, ditemukan sebagai cadangan makanan pada tumbuhan, terutama pada bagian biji. Metode ekstraksi pati dari tumbuhan sangat penting untuk mendapatkan rendemen yang optimal dan sifat fisikokimia yang ideal. Dengan demikian pada penelitian ini dilakukan penelusuran pustaka mengenai metode ekstraksi yang digunakan pada ekstraksi pati dari biji tumbuhan yang merupakan sumber potensial pati dan mencari kondisi yang paling baik untuk mengekstraksi pati dari biji tumbuhan tersebut. Berbagai jurnal yang dimasukan dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metode ekstraksi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengekstraksi pati dari biji tumbuhan yaitu metode ekstraksi konvensional dengan menggunakan pelarut air, NaOH dan natrium metabisulfit pada biji segar ataupun biji yang sudah dikeringkan. Ekstraksi pati dari biji tumbuhan yang paling baik yaitu metode ekstraksi dari biji yang dalam kondisi sampel biji segar dan diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut air dengan rendemen pati tertinggi yaitu sebesar 57,84% (pada biji kenari) dengan nilai pH 6,62 yang sesuai dengan parameter standar umum pH pati yaitu dalam kisaran 4,0–8,0.
Kata Kunci: Ekstraksi, Pati, Biji, Rendemen, pH
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.29214
