Potensi Beberapa Ekstrak Tumbuhan dalam Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah secara In Vivo
Abstract
Absrtact. Diabetes mellitus is a group of fat metabolism disorder, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, signed by hyperglycemia that caused an abnormality of insulin secretion, insuline sensitivity, or both of them. Many kind of plants from abroad or domestically can be used to lowering blood glucose levels. In the testing to lowering blood glucose levels can be tested as in vivo, can be tested as streptozotocin test, alloxan test, and oral glucose tolerance test. The aimed of the research were to know scientific evidence of some of extract from type of plants and secondary metabolite content in order to lowering blood glucose levels and many kind of pra clinical research. The result of this research showed that twenty kind of plants that have been reviewed can be used to lowering blood glucose levels in a way improving insulin secretions, regenerating pancreatic beta cells, improving insulin receptor sensitivity and inhibiting alpha glucose enzymes work. Contents that played  roles to lowering blood glucose levels were flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, fenol, terpenoid, diosgenin, and saponin. The similarity of compounds often found in plants in reducing blood glucose levels is flavonoids.
Keywords: Blood glucose level, In Vivo, Flavonoid, Streptozotocin, Alloxan, Oral glucose tolerance.
Abstrak. Diabetes melitus adalah kelompok gangguan metabolisme lemak, karbohidrat, dan metabolisme protein ditandai dengan hiperglikemia yang disebabkan adanya kelainan sekresi insulin, sensitifitas kerja insulin atau keduanya. Berbagai tumbuhan dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri sendiri dapat digunakan dalam penurun kadar glukosa darah. Dalam pengujiannya sendiri dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dapat diuji dengan secara in vivo dapat berupa uji streptozotocin, serta uji aloksan, uji toleransi glukosa oral. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bukti ilmiah beberapa ekstrak dari tumbuhan dan kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dari berbagai penelitian pra klinis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua puluh jenis tumbuhan yang telah diresensi dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan cara meningkatkan sekresi insulin, meregenerasi sel beta pankreas, meningkatkan sensitifitas reseptor insulin dan menghambat kerja enzim alfa glukosidase. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berperan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah disini adalah flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, fenol, terpenoid, diosgenin, saponin. Kesamaan kandungan senyawa yang sering dan banyak ditemukan di dalam tumbuhan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah ialah flavonoid.
Kata Kunci: Kadar glukosa darah, In Vivo, Flavonoid, Streptozotocin, Aloksan, Toleransi glukosa oral.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.23222
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