Pengaruh Loneliness Terhadap Subjective Well-Being Pada Anak dan Remaja di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Abstract
Abstract. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was significant that social distancing would lead to loneliness which in turn resulted in a decrease in subjective well-being (SWB), especially in children and adolescents. This study aims to explain the effect of loneliness on SWB in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of this study consisted of 3,115 children and adolescents (53.4% female and 45.75% male) aged 10-18 years old in areas of Indonesia that got affected by COVID-19. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. This study uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental causal research design to prove the causal relationship of both variables. Loneliness in children and adolescents uses the Pandemic Loneliness Scale, and SWB will be measured using the CW-SWBS (Children's World Subjective Well-Being Scale) from Children's World. This study uses linear regression statistical analysis techniques, descriptive statistics, and compare means. The results of this study indicate that loneliness has an effect on SWB of 14.3% (β = -.364; < .01) in children and 19.6% (β = -.441; < .01) in adolescent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hopefully children and adolescents can maintain relationships with family members or friends to anticipate experiencing loneliness.
Keywords:Â Adolescent, Children, Loneliness, Subjective Well-Being.
Abstrak. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19, muncul kekhawatiran yang signifikan bahwa jarak sosial akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya loneliness yang kemudian berdampak pada penurunan subjective well-being (SWB), terutama pada anak dan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh loneliness terhadap SWB pada anak dan remaja di masa pandemi COVID-19. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 3,115 anak dan remaja (53.4% perempuan dan 45.75% laki-laki) usia 10-18 tahun di wilayah Indonesia yang terdampak COVID-19. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian kausal non-eksperimental untuk membuktikan hubungan sebab-akibat dari kedua variabel. Loneliness pada anak dan remaja diukur menggunakan alat ukur Pandemic Loneliness Scale, dan SWB akan diukur menggunakan alat ukur CW-SWBS (Children’s World Subjective Well-Being Scale) dari Children’s World. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik regresi linier, descriptive statistics, dan compare means. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lonelinessmemiliki pengaruh terhadap SWB sebesar 14.3% (β = -.364; Ï < .01) pada kategori usia anak dan pengaruh sebesar 19.6% (β = -.441; Ï < .01) pada kategori usia remaja di masa pandemi COVID-19. Diharapkan anak dan remaja dapat menjaga keeratan hubungan dengan anggota keluarga ataupun teman disertai rasa memiliki sepenuhnya guna mengantisipasi mengalami kesepian.ÂKata Kunci: Anak, Loneliness, Remaja, Subjective Well-Being.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ananda, S. S., & Apsari, N. C. (2020). Mengatasi Stress Pada Remaja Saat Pandemi Covid-19 Dengan Teknik Self Talk. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 7(2), 248-256.
Baron, R. (2005). Psikologi Sosial Jilid 2 Edisi Kesepuluh.
Barreto et al. (2020). Loneliness around the world: Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110066.
Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2021a). Children's report on their quality of life during pandemic COVID-19 [Manuscript in preparation]. Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Islam bandung & ERIDIqv, University of Girona, Spain.
Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2021a). Subjective well-being of bullied children in Indonesia. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16, 753-773. https://doi.org/10.100 7/s11482-019-09778-1.
Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2021b). Subjective well-being and affect of Children before and during pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia [Manuscript in preparation]. Faculty of Psychology Universitas Islam Bandung & FRIDIqv, University of girona, Spain.
Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2021b). The relationship between frequent bullying and subjective well-being in Indonesian children. Population Review, 60(1), 26-50. https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0002.
Borualogo, I., & Casas, F. (2019). Adaptation and Validation of The Children’s Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale (CW-SWBS) in Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 46(2), 102. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.38995.
Borualogo, I., & Casas, F. (2019b). Subjective Well-Being of Bullied Children in Indonesia. Applied Research in Quality of Life, (1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09778-1.
Borualogo, I., Gumilang, E., Mubarak, A., Khasanah, A. N., Wardati, M. A., Diantina, F. P., et al. (2019). Process of Translation of the Children’s Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2.
Children's Society. (2020, Juli). Life on hold: Children's Wellbeing and Covid 19. Dipetik November 29, 2020, dari www.childrenssociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/life-on-hold-childrens-well-being-and-covid-19.pdf
Cummins, R. A. (2014). Understanding the Well-Being of Children and Adolescents Through Homeostatic Theory. Handbook of Child Well-Being, 635–661. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_152.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.
Folkman, S., & Greer, S. (2000). Promoting psychological wellâ€being in the face of serious illness: when theory, research and practice inform each other. Psychoâ€Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 9(1), 11-1.
González-Carrasco et al. (2020). Subjective Well-Being in Early Adolescence: Observations from a Five-Year Longitudinal Study. International journal of environmental research and public health,17(21), 8249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ije.
Holmes, E. A., Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., et al. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic : a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry, 7, 547–560.
Jannah, M. (2015). Tugas-tugas perkembangan pada usia kanak-kanak. Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 1(2), 87-98.
Kaye-Tzadok et al. (2017). Children's subjective well-being in relation to gender—What can we learn from dissatisfied children? Children and Youth Services Review, 80, 96-104.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2020, Juli 20). Jaga Kesehatan Jiwa Anak dan Remaja Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Dipetik November 23, 2020, dari http://p2p.kem kes.go.id/jaga-kesehatan-jiwa-anak-dan-remaja-selama-masa-pandemi-covid-19/
Kimhi et al. (2020). Resilience and demographic characteristics predicting distress during the COVID-19 crisis. Social Science & Medicine, 265, 113389.
Krori, S. D. (2011). Developmental Psychology. Homeopathic Journal, 4(3).
Laursen, B., & Hartl, A. (2013). Understanding loneliness during adolescence: Developmental changes that increase the risk of perceived social isolation. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), pp, 1261-1268.
Li, L. Z., & Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry research, 291, 113267.
Luchetti, M., Lee, J. H., Aschwanden, D., Sesker, A., Strickhouser, J. E., Terracciano, A., et al. (2020). The Trajectory of Loneliness in Response to COVID-19, 2(999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000690.
Mendieta et al. (2013). The Relationship Between Social Support, Loneliness, and Subjective Well Being in a Spanish sample From a Multidimensional Perspective. Social indicators research, 114(3), 1013-1034.
Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Research Gate, 123-133.
Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1998). Loneliness. Encyclopedia of mental health, 571-581.
Rees et al. (2020). Children's views on their lives and well-being in 35 countries : A report on the children's worlds survey, 2016-19. International Survey Of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeb), www.isciweb.org.
Russell et al. (1984). Social and emotional loneliness: an examination of Weiss's typology of loneliness. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(6), 1313.
Sagita, D. D., & Hermawan, D. (2020). Kesepian Remaja Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. ENLIGHTEN: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, 3(2), 122-130.
Salmela-Aro, K., & Tuominen-Soini, H. (2010). Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction during the Transition to Post-Comprehensive Education: Antecedents and Consequences. Happiness Stud, 11, 683–701. doi: 10.1007/s10902-009-9156-3.
Santrock, J. W. (2007). Remaja. Jakarta:Erlangga.
Santrock, J. W. (2012). Child Development (Perkembangan Anak, Edisi 11 Jilid 2, Penerjemah: Rachmawati dan Kuswanti). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Satici et al. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.
Savahl, S., Montserrat, C., Casas, F., Adams, S., Tiliouine, H., Benninger, E., et al. (2019). Children’s Experiences of Bullying Victimization and the Influence on Their Subjective Well-Being: A Multinational Comparison. Child Development, 90(2), 414-431.
Sears, F., & Freedman, J. L. (1985). Psikologi Sosial Jilid 1 (Edisi Kelima). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Steinmayr et al. (2019). Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(19), 3690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193690.
UNICEF. (2020, Mei 11). COVID-19 dan Anak-anak di Indonesia. Dipetik November 23, 2020, dari https://www.unicef.org/indon esia/media/4646/file/COVID19%20dan%20anak-anak%20di%20Indonesia.pdf
Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation.
Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China : A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article, 17(7), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072381.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.28486
