Tinjauan Fiqh Muamalah terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Hak Penggarapan Tanah (Nomer Carikan)

Abstract

Abstract— Islam has regulated how to buy and sell well so that unwanted things don't happen by setting the pillars and conditions of buying and selling. The people of Bobojong Village, Mande District, have long practiced the sale and purchase of land cultivation rights (Carriage Number). The practice of buying and selling is still in doubt about its suitability according to Islamic law because the object being traded is not the land but the right to cultivate the land and it is carried out without the knowledge of the owner of the paddy field. This study aims to answer how the practice of buying and selling land cultivation rights in Bobojong Village, Mande District, Cianjur and how the fiqh muamalah review of the sale and purchase. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a sociological juridical approach, research data obtained through field research and literature study. Data processing is done by data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the sale and purchase transaction contract of land cultivation rights was carried out without any special conditions between the seller and the buyer or letters of transfer of land cultivation rights. Judging from the muamalah fiqh, the sale and purchase of land cultivation rights has fulfilled the pillars of buying and selling. However, in terms of buying and selling there is something lacking, namely the object of sale and purchase does not belong to the seller. So that this sale and purchase is included in the sale and purchase of gharar al-yasir and is permissible according to Islam as rukhshah.

Keywords— Fiqh Muamalah, Buy and Sell, Land Cultivation Rights

Abstrak— Islam telah mengatur bagaimana cara jual beli yang baik agar tidak terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan dengan menetapkan rukun dan syarat jual beli. Masyarakat Desa Bobojong Kecamatan Mande sudah lama melakukan praktik jual beli hak penggarapan tanah (Nomer Carikan). Praktik jual beli ini masih diragukan kesesuaiannya menurut hukum islam karena objek yang diperjualbelikan bukan tanahnya melainkan hak penggarapan tanahnya dan dilakukan tanpa sepengetahuan pemilik tanah sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab bagaimana praktik jual beli hak penggarapan tanah di Desa Bobojong Kecamatan Mande Kabupaten Cianjur dan bagaimana tinjauan fikih muamalah terhadap jual beli tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan Yuridis Sosiologis, data penelitian didapatkan melalui field research dan studi pustaka. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akad transaksi jual beli hak penggarapan tanah dilakukan tanpa adanya syarat-syarat khusus antara penjual dan pembeli maupun surat-surat peralihan hak penggarapan tanah. Ditinjau dari fikih muamalah jual beli hak penggarapan tanah ini sudah memenuhi rukun jual beli. Namun dalam syarat jual belinya ada yang kurang yaitu objek jual beli bukan milik penjual. Sehingga jual beli ini termasuk kedalam jual beli gharar al-yasir dan dibolehkan menurut islam sebagai rukhshah.

Kata Kunci— Fikih Muamalah, Jual Beli, Hak Penggarapan tanah