Implementasi The International Convention For The Prevention Of Pollution From Ship (Marpol Convention) 1973/1978 terhadap Pencemaran Laut di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. The 1973/1978 MARPOL Convention which regulates the prevention of oil pollution in the sea originating from ships contains provisions concerning the responsibilities of a member state in preventing marine pollution, from the discharge of goods or hazardous toxic liquid mixtures from ships. Identification of the problem in this research, how is the international legal regulation regarding marine pollution originating from ships according to the 1973/1978 MARPOL Convention and how is the 1973/1978 MARPOL Convention implemented in Indonesia? Based on the results of research conducted by Marine Pollution (MARPOL) in 1973/1978, it contains provisions concerning the Prevention of Oil Pollution from shipping activities, which are regulated in Annex I of MARPOL 73/78. Annex I contains procedures or procedures that must be applied to tankers containing oil, including its waste, to prevent and cope with the occurrence of spills or the discharge of oil into the sea. Responsibilities in marine pollution according to international law include; responsibility of individuals, legal entities and the state. The state plays a role in efforts to prevent, preserve and overcome marine pollution, while individuals or legal entities have a role in preventing, overcoming and compensating based on the principle of absolute responsibility (strict liability), so that the obligation to pay compensation to the coastal state arises immediately at the time of the spill. oil at sea and the occurrence of losses without questioning the guilt or innocence of the tanker concerned. The ideal model to support the principle of strict liability is in the form of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, particularly in articles 87 and 88, which regulates civil liability.

Keywords : Pollution of the marine environment, Marpol 1973/1978, Strcit Liability

Abstrak. Konvensi MARPOL 1973/ 1978 yang mengatur pencegahan pencemaran minyak di laut yang berasal dari kapal memuat ketentuan tentang tanggung jawab suatu negara anggota dalam mencegah pencemaran laut, dari buangan barang-barang atau campuran cairan beracun berbahaya dari kapal. Identifikasi masalah dalam penelitian ini, Bagaimana pengaturan hukum internasional mengenai pencemaran laut yang bersumber dari kapal menurut Konvensi MARPOL 1973/1978 serta Bagaimana implementasi Konvensi MARPOL 1973/1978 di Indonesia? Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Marine Pollution (MARPOL) tahun 1973/1978 memuat ketentuan tentang Pencegahan Pencemaran Minyak dari kegiatan pelayaran, yang diatur dalam Annex I MARPOL 73/78. Dalam Annex I termuat tata cara atau prosedur yang harus diberlakukan pada kapal tanker yang memuat minyak termasuk limbahnya untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi terjadinya tumpahan atau pembuangan minyak ke laut. Tanggung jawab dalam pencemaran laut menurut hukum Internasional meliputi ; tanggung jawab secara individu, badan hukum serta negara. Negara turut berperan dalam upaya pencegahan, pelestarian serta penanggulangan pencemaran laut, sedangkan individu atau badan hukum mempunyai peran dalam pencegahan, penanggulangan serta ganti rugi berdasarkan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak ( strict liability ), sehingga kewajiban membayar ganti rugi pada negara pantai timbul seketika pada saat tumpahnya minyak dilaut dan timbulnya kerugian tanpa mempersoalkan bersalah atau tidaknya kapal tengki yang bersangkutan. Model yang ideal untuk menunjang prinsip strict liability yaitu berupa Undang- Undang Nomor 32 tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, khususnya pada pasal 87 dan 88, yaitu yang mengatur mengenai pertanggungjawaban perdata. 

Kata Kunci : Pencemaran lingkungan laut, Marpol 1973/1978, Strcit Liability