Studi Literatur Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi yang Mengandung Minyak Atsiri dan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Essential oil is the result of the secondary metabolism of plants containing volatile compounds which are used as antibacterial. However, essential oils have a drawback that is volatile so that it can affect their activity as an antibacterial. Therefore, a suitable delivery system for essential oils is nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions have small droplet sizes between 20-200 nm. In this review, attention is paid to the results of the study of the formulation and characterization of nanoemulsions containing essential oils and their antibacterial activity. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using Scopus indexed international journals and Sinta indexed national journals. The results reported that the antibacterial activity of essential oils such as ginger, betel, rosemary, basil, eucalyptus, and cinnamon had antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with MIC values below 1 mg/mL and the zone of inhibition was in the range of 13-30 nm. The optimal essential oil nanoemulsion formulation contains surfactants, cosurfactants, with the ratio of the oil phase and Smix 1:9. Furthermore, for good particle size characteristics, namely between 20-200 nm, a polydispersity index value below 0.3 indicates good monodispersity or uniformity of size and a zeta potential value of >30mV which indicates that the nanoemulsion has good electrostatics. The nanoemulsion system as a carrier of volatile values was proven to increase the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone.
Keywords: Essential Oil, Formulation, Characterization, Nanoemulsion, Antibacterial.
ABSTRAK: Minyak atsiri merupakan minyak hasil metabolisme sekunder tumbuhan mengandung senyawa-senyawa volatil yang digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Namun minyak atsiri memiliki kekurangan yaitu mudah menguap sehingga dapat mempengaruhi aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri. Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran yang sesuai untuk minyak atsiri adalah nanoemulsi. Nanoemulsi memiliki ukuran tetesan yang kecil yaitu antara 20-200 nm. Dalam ulasan ini, perhatian difokuskan untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian formulasi dan karakterisasi nanoemulsi yang mengandung minyak atsiri serta aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) menggunakan jurnal internasional terindeks Scopus dan jurnal nasional terindeks Sinta. Hasil penelitian melaporkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri seperti jahe, sirih, rosemary, basil, eucalyptus dan kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai KHM dibawah 1 mg/mL dan zona hambat berada pada rentang 13-30 nm. Formulasi nanoemulsi minyak atsiri yang optimal mengandung surfaktan, kosurfaktan, dengan jumlah perbandingan fasa minyak dan Smix 1:9. Selanjutnya untuk karakteristik ukuran partikel yang baik yaitu antara 20-200 nm, nilai indeks polidispersitas dibawah 0,3 menunjukkan monodispersitas atau keseragaman ukuran yang baik, dan nilai potensial zeta yaitu >30mV yang menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi memiliki stabilitas elektrostatik yang baik. Sistem nanoemulsi sebagai pembawa minyak atsiri terbukti dapat meningkatkan nilai diameter zona hambat bakteri.
Kata Kunci: Minyak atsiri, Formulasi, Karakterisasi, Nanoemulsi, Antibakteri.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.29949
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