Kajian Pustaka Pengaruh Penambahan Surfaktan dan Kosurfaktan terhadap Karakteristik Sediaan Mikroemulsi
Abstract
Abstract. In the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations that contain oil and water, microemulsion is an option that used because it has a clear physical appearance and thermodynamically stable due to the addition of surfactants and cosurfactants. So in this literature review aims to examine the mechanism of surfactants and cosurfactants in forming microemulsions, determine the effect of adding surfactants and cosurfactants on microemulsion characteristics, and examine the formulations and ways of making microemulsions. This literature review uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which is compiled systematically with references from reputable and indexed national and international journals. Based on the literature review, it can be know that the mechanism of the surfactant is lowering the interface tention of the oil phase and the water phase also prevents coalescence while cosurfactants work to perfect the surfactant's work by increasing the interface fluidity. Surfactants and cosurfactants also affect three main characteristics of microemulsions namely particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. A good microemulsion formula consists of four main components namely oil, water, surfactants, and cosurfactants which are assisted in constant stirring using magnetic stirers with the aid of temperature to accelerate their formation.
Keywords: Microemulsion, Surfactants, Cosuractants.
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Abstrak. Dalam pembuatan sediaan farmasi yang mengandung minyak dan air, mikroemulsi adalah salah satu pilihan yang sering digunakan karena memiliki penampilan fisik yang jernih dan stabil secara termodinamika karena adanya penambahan surfaktan dan kosurfaktan. Sehingga dalam kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme kerja dari surfaktan dan kosurfaktan dalam membentuk mikroemulsi, mengetahui pengaruh penambahan surfaktan dan kosurfaktan terhadap karakteristik mikroemulsi, dan mengkaji formulasi serta cara pembuatan mikroemulsi. Kajian pustaka ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang disusun secara sistematis dengan acuan dari jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang bereputasi dan juga terindeks. Berdasarkan kajian pustaka yang sudah dilakukan maka dapat diketahui bahwa mekanisme kerja surfaktan yaitu dengan menurunkan tegangan antarmuka fase minyak dan fase air juga mencegah terjadinya koalesen sedangkan kosurfaktan bekerja untuk menyempurnakan kerja surfaktan dengan cara meningkatkan fluiditas antarmuka. Surfaktan dan kosurfaktan juga mempengaruhi tiga karakteristik utama mikroemulsi yaitu ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, dan zeta potensial. Sedangkan formula mikroemulsi yang baik terdiri dari empat komponen utama yaitu minyak, air, surfaktan, dan kosurfaktan dimana dalam pembuatannya dibantu oleh pengadukan yang konstan menggunakan magnetik stirer dengan bantuan suhu untuk mempercepat pembentukannya.
Kata Kunci: Mikroemulsi, Surfaktan, Kosurfaktan
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.24682
