Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Serta Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Antijerawat Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.

Abstract

Abstrak. Minyak atsiri rosemary mengandung senyawa 1,8-cineol dan alpha-pinene yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sehingga dapat berpotensi sebagai antijerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sediaan emulgel minyak atsiri rosemary yang stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimal sebagai antijerawat. Optimasi formula emulgel dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai HLB butuh minyak atsiri rosemary dengan kombinasi surfaktan Tween 80 dan Span 80 dengan menggunakan gelling agent (viscolam MAC-10). Emulgel dibuat variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri rosemary sebesar 5% (F1), 10% (F2), 15% (F3), dan 20% (F4) terhadap sediaan akhir. Keempat formula akhir emulgel dilakukan evaluasi fisik dan uji aktivitas antijerawat terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Formula emulgel paling stabil dengan nilai HLB butuh minyak 12 mengandung minyak atsiri rosemary berbagai konsentrasi, Tween 80 7,2%, Span 80 2,8%, gliserin 5%, dan viscolam MAC-10 5%. Formula emulgel F1, F2, F3, dan F4 memenuhi persyaratan sediaan farmasetika yang stabil secara fisik berdasarkan evaluasi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, penentuan tipe emulsi, viskositas dan rheologi, uji sentrifugasi dan uji freeze thaw. Berdasarkan uji aktivitas sediaan emulgel F1, F2, F3, dan F4 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dengan nilai zona hambat 14,47; 15,12; 17,12; dan 17,73 mm yang berpotensi sebagai antijerawat.

Keywords: Rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Emulgel, Anti-acne.

 

Abstract. Rosemary essential oil contains 1.8-cineol and alpha-pinene compounds that have an antibacterial activity that can be potential as an anti-acne. This research aims to formulate emulgel containing rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) which is physically stable and has optimal antibacterial activity as an anti-acne. Optimization of emulgel formula was performed by determining the required HLB value of rosemary essential oil with a combination surfactant of Tween 80 and Span 80 using gelling agent (viscolam MAC-10). Emulgel products were made variations in the concentration of rosemary essential oil by 5% (F1), 10% (F2), 15% (F3), and 20% (F4) against the final product. Four final emulgel formulas were performed physic evaluations and antibacterial activity tests on Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The most stable emulgel formula with HLB value 12 containing various concentrations of rosemary essential oil, 7.2% Tween 80, 2.8% Span 80%, 5% glycerin, and 5% viscolam-MAC 10. Emulgel F1, F2, F3, and F4 meet the requirements of physically stable pharmaceutical preparations based on the organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, determination of emulsion type, viscosity and rheology, centrifugation test, and freeze-thaw test. Based on the activity test of F1, F2, F3, and F4 emulgel having strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with inhibitory zone values 14,47; 15,12; 17,12; and 17,73 mm which has the potential as an anti-acne.

Kata Kunci: Minyak atsiri rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Emulgel, Antijerawat