Hubungan antara Status Imunisasi, Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Melalui Cara Mencuci Tangan dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita (Suatu Kajian Kasus di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2016)

Abstract

Abstract: Pneumonia is a disease that accounts for 15% the cause of all deaths among children under 5 years old. Because of the high incidence of pneumonia in young children, then it was performed a research on the relations between immunization status, Clean Behavior and Healthy through washing hands with soap and water at the General Hospital of Al-Ihsan Bandung Regency which is the primary reference hospital in West Java in the period of March to May 2016. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations between the status of immunization, clean and healthy living behavior with the incidence of pneumonia in children under 5 years old. The study was conducted with cross sectional approach. Data of pneumonia patients acquired based on interviews using questionnaires and assisted by KMS and medical records in 96 subjects. Most children under 5 suffering from severe pneumonia (84%), male (51%), aged 2-17 months (71%), the incomplete basis of immunization status (58%), did not have booster immunizations (≥ 18 months) ( 64%), and did not wash hands with soap and water (76%). Analysis of the relations was using Fisher's Exact test obtained relations between immunization status with pneumonia obtained value of p> 0.05, and the relations between PHBS with the occurrence of pneumonia (p <0.05). In conclusion, there is no relations between immunization statuses with the incidence of pneumonia in infants, but there is a relations between the behavior of clean and healthy living by washing hands with the incidence of pneumonia in children under 5 years old. Immunization status and behavior of clean and healthy living is one of the factors that can reduce the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. 

Abstrak: Pneumonia merupakan penyakit yang menyumbang 15% penyebab semua kematian anak dibawah usia 5 tahun. Karena masih tingginya angka kejadian pneumonia pada balita, maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan antara status imunisasi, Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat melalui cara mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung yang merupakan RSUD rujukan utama di Jawa Barat pada periode Maret – Mei 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status imunisasi, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data penderita pneumonia didapat berdasarkan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan dibantu KMS serta rekam medis pada 96 subjek. Sebagian besar balita menderita pneumonia berat (84%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (51%), berusia 2-17 bulan (71%), status imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap (58%), tidak imunisasi ulangan (≥ 18 bulan) (64%), dan tidak cuci tangan dengan air dan sabun (76%). Analisis hubungan memakai uji Fisher’s Exact didapatkan hubungan antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian pneumonia diperoleh nilai p>0,05 dan hubungan antara PHBS dengan kejadian pneumonia (p<0.05). Simpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita namun terdapat hubungan antara perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat melalui cara mencuci tangan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Status imunisasi dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menurunkan kejadian pneumonia pada balita.