Kajian Dampak Pencemaran Air Limbah Industri Terhadap Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan, Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kecamatan Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung

Abstract

Abstract. This research is motivated by the development of industry in the district Rancaekek which has resulted in the positive as well as negative impacts on the surrounding area. The positive impact is felt is the availability of jobs in the industrial sector, while the negative effect is sewage contamination. Sewage contamination has affected environmental, social, and economic communities in four villages namely Linggar, Village Jelegong, Bojongloa village, and the village Sukamulya. The purpose of this research that examines the impact of industrial pollution on the physical, social, and economic communities before and after the construction industry. This study uses a methodology approach Before-After Comparison and Planned Versus Actual Performance Comparisons. The respondents of this study is a society that has long settled in each village since before and after the construction industry. Data collection techniques such as questionnaires and interviews with respondents, while the analytical techniques used are qualitative analysis. The results showed that the impact of environmental pollution on the physical condition after the contamination, which are: contamination of agricultural land, pollution of water sources, as well as a decrease in the quality of Cikijing River. Impact of sewage contamination of the economic conditions is indicated by the decline in agricultural productivity, livelihood changes to the industrial sector, and a decline in the level of income in the agricultural sector. The impact of pollution on the social conditions of mutual cooperation shown by the attitude of the people is increasing, as well as health problems caused by contaminated wastewater. Based on these results, recommendations can be given as to minimize the environmental impact is with bioremediation techniques of land, river normalization Cikijing, provision of clean water, as well as the provision of communal WWTP for the industry in the District Rancaekek.

 

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perkembangan industri di Kecamatan Rancaekek yang telah menimbulkan dampak positif serta dampak negatif bagi wilayah disekitarnya. Dampak positif yang dirasakan adalah tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan pada sektor industri, sedangkan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah pencemaran air limbah. Pencemaran air limbah tersebut telah mempengaruhi kondisi lingkungan, sosial, serta ekonomi masyarakat di empat desa yaitu Desa Linggar, Desa Jelegong, Desa Bojongloa, dan Desa Sukamulya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji dampak pencemaran industri terhadap kondisi fisik, sosial, serta perekonomian masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi pendekatan Before-After Comparison dan Actual Versus Planned Performance Comparisons. Responden penelitian ini merupakan masyarakat yang telah menetap lama di masing-masing desa sejak sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan industri. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner serta wawancara kepada responden, sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak pencemaran terhadap kondisi fisik lingkungan setelah pencemaran, diantaranya adalah: tercemarnya lahan pertanian, tercemarnya sumber air bersih, serta penurunan kualitas Sungai Cikijing. Dampak pencemaran air limbah terhadap kondisi ekonomi ditunjukkan dengan penurunan produktivitas pertanian, perubahan mata pencaharian ke sektor industri, dan penurunan tingkat pendapatan pada sektor pertanian. Dampak pencemaran terhadap kondisi sosial ditunjukkan dengan sikap gotong royong masyarakat yang semakin meningkat, serta gangguan kesehatan akibat terkontaminasi air limbah. Berdasarkan hasil kajian tersebut, rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan sebagai upaya meminimalisir dampak pencemaran adalah dengan teknik bioremediasi lahan, normalisasi Sungai Cikijing, penyediaan saluran air bersih, serta penyediaan IPAL komunal bagi industri di Kecamatan Rancaekek.