Kajian Potensi Tanaman Suku Anacardiaceae sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
Abstract. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes many infectious diseases such as skin infection and respiratory tract infection. This bacterium has been resistant to various antibiotics and has become one of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistant infection. Therefore, many alternatives are developed to overcome these problems. One of them by utilizing plants. Some plants from the Anacardiaceae family that has potential as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus. Plants in the Anacardiaceae family that has potential as an antibacterial are mango (Mangifera indica L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus), gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), kayu jawa (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.), and kedondong hutan or kecemcem (Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz.). The purpose of this literature review is to determine the antibacterial potential of the Anacardiaceae plants against Staphylococcus aureus and the compounds in these plants which have antibacterial activity. Anacardiaceae extract which has the strongest potential as an antibacterial is the ethanol extract of gandaria seeds and the Anacardiaceae fraction which has the strongest potential is the ethyl acetate fraction of cashew leaves. Compounds that act as antibacterial agents in Anacardiaceae are flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, furfural, and pyrogallol.
Keywords: antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Anacardiaceae.
Abstrak. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang menyebabkan banyak penyakit infeksi seperti infeksi kulit dan infeksi saluran pernafasan. Bakteri ini telah mengalami resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotik dan menjadi salah satu bakteri penyebab utama infeksi resisten antibiotik. Maka dari itu, banyak dikembangkan alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam seperti tanaman. Beberapa tanaman pada suku Anacardiaceae berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Tanaman dalam suku Anacardiaceae yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri adalah mangga (Mangifera indica L.), jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus), gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), kayu jawa (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.), dan kedondong hutan atau kecemcem (Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz.). Tujuan dilakukannya kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri dari tanaman suku Anacardiaceae tersebut terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan senyawa dalam tanaman tersebut yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Ekstrak tanaman Anacardiaceae yang memiliki potensi paling kuat adalah ekstrak etanol biji gandaria dan fraksi tanaman Anacardiaceae yang memiliki potensi paling kuat sebagai antibakteri adalah fraksi etil asetat daun jambu mete. Senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri pada tanaman Anacardiaceae adalah flavonoid, polifenol, steroid, saponin, terpenoid, furfural, dan pirogalol.
Kata Kunci: antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Anacardiaceae.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.24278
