Studi Literatur Pengaruh Penambahan Starter Fermentasi pada Bawang Hitam (Allium sativum L.) terhadap Beberapa Metabolit Sekunder serta Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakterinya

Asmiralda Amalia, Anggi Arumsari

Abstract


Abstract. Black garlic is a product of garlic (Allium sativum L.) processed by high temperature and humidity over a period of time. This processing affects the taste, smell and color of garlic, as well as enhances the compound of flavonoids, polyphenols, organosulfur and its antioxidant activities but decrease the antibacterial activities. Some other studies add a fermentation starter to the black garlic. Therefore, the problem in this research is formulated as follows: (1) What is the impact of starter fermentation addition to some secondary metabolites? (2) How is this related to the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of black garlic?. This research uses literature method study from several national and international scientific journals. The results showed that (1) The flavonoids and polyphenols are increased after fermentation with Saccharomyces kluyveri. Fermentation also affect organosulfur compounds such as to kept alliin compound by Lactobacillus plantarum, alisin changes by Pediococcus pentosaceus, S-Allylcystein (SAC) increase by Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. (2) The antioxidant and antibacterial activity are also better than black garlic without fermentation starter.

Keywords: Black garlic, fermentation, antioxidant, antibacterial

Abstrak. Bawang hitam merupakan produk olahan bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) yang telah melalui proses pemanasan selama periode waktu tertentu menggunakan suhu dan kelembaban yang tinggi. Proses pengolahan tersebut memperbaiki rasa dan bau dari bawang putih, serta meningkatkan senyawa flavonoid, polifenol, organosulfur dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Disamping itu aktivitas antibakteri bawang hitam justru tidak lebih baik dari pada bawang putih. Beberapa penelitian lain menambahkan starter fermentasi pada bawang hitam. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan pada penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana pengaruh dari penambahan starter pada bawang hitam terhadap beberapa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung? (2) Bagaimana kaitannya dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dari bawang hitam? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dari beberapa jurnal ilmiah nasional dan internasional. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kadar flavonoid dan polifenol mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan setelah difermentasi dengan Saccharomyces kluyveri. Fermentasi juga mempengaruhi senyawa organosulfur yang terkandung pada bawang hitam seperti bertahannya senyawa alliin akibat penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum, perubahan senyawa alisin oleh Pediococcus pentosaceus dan meningkatnya senyawa S-allylcystein (SAC) oleh Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei dan Lactobacillus plantarum. (2) Aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri bawang hitam yang difermentasi dengan berbagai starter lebih baik dari pada bawang hitam tanpa penambahan starter.

Kata kunci: Bawang hitam, fermentasi, antioksidan, antibakteri


Keywords


Bawang hitam, fermentasi, antioksidan, antibakteri

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afiati, F., Setyoningrum, F., Priadi, G., Handoyo, CH. (2020). ‘Characteristics of Solo Black Garlic Fermented in Kombucha Black Tea’, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ, Sci. 439 012053.

Andrade, CD. (2013). ‘Maillard Reaction Product: Some Consideration of Their Health Effects’. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Volume 52, Issue 1.

Chakravorty, S., Bhattacharya, S., Chatzinotas, A., Chakraborty, W., Bhattacharya, D., Gachhui, R. (2015). ‘Kombucha Tea Fermentation: Microbial and Biochemical Dynamics’, International Journal of Food Microbiology 220, 63-72.

Choi, IS., Cha, HS., Lee, YS. (2014). ‘Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Black Garlic’, Molecules, 19, 16811-16823.

Dewi, NNA., Mustika , IW. (2018). ‘Nutrition Content and Antioxidant Activity of Black Garlic’, International Journal of Health Science, Vol. 2, No.1, pages 11-20.

Ham, JS., Lee, SG., Kim, MK., Oh, MH., Jeong, SG., Kim, DH., Lee, SH., Chae, JP., Lee, JY., Kang, DK. (2010). ‘Inhibitory Activity of Garlic Fermented by Pediococcus pentosaceus KACC 91419 against Antibiotic-resistant Pathogens’, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci, Vol. 23, No. 9, 1236-1243.

Hyun-Min Tak, Gyeong-Min Kim, Jong-Su Kim, Cho-Rong Hwang, Min-Jung Kang, Jung-Hye Shin. (2014). ‘Quality Characteristics and Biological Activity of Fermented Black Garlic with Probiotics’, Journal of Life Science, Vol.24, No.5, 549-557.

Jung, YM., Lee, SH., Lee, DS., You, MJ., Chung, IK. Cheon, WH., Kwon, YS., Lee, YJ., Ku, SK. (2011). ‘Fermented Garlic Protects Diabetic, Obese Mice When Fed a High-Fat Diet by Antioxidant Effects’, Elsevier, Nutrition research 31 (2011) 387-396.

Kim, JH., Nam, SH., Rico, CW., Kang, MY. (2012). ‘A Comparative Study on the Antioxidative and Anti-allergic Activity of Fresh and Aged Black Garlic Extracts’, International Journal of Food Science & Technology.

Kimura, Yen-Chen Tung, Min-Hsiung Pan, Nan-Wei Su, Ying-Jang Lai, Kuan-Chen Cheng. (2017). ‘Black garlic: A critical review of its production, bioactivity, and application’, Journal Food and Drug Analysis 25 (2017) 62-70.

Li, F., Cao, J., Liu, Q., Hu, Q., Liao, X., Zhang, Y. (2019). ‘Acceleration of the Maillard reaction and achievement of product quality by high pressure pretreatment during black garlic processing’. Journal Pre-proofs.

Ngan, N., Giang, M., Tu, N. (2017), ‘Biological Activities of Black Garlic Fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum PN05 and Some Kinds of Black Garlic Presenting Inside Vietnam’, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vol 51, Issue 4, Oct-Dec.

Pujiastuti, D., Palupi, C. (2018). ‘Perbandingan Efektivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) dan Black Garlic terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus dan Escherichia Coli dengan Metode Kirby-Bauer’, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Medical Research (PHARMED), 1 (2), 17-21.

Puspitasari, Y., Palupi, R., Nurikasari, M. (2017). ‘Analisis Kandungan Vitamin C The Kombucha Berdasarkan Lama Fermentasi Sebagai Alternatif Minuman untuk Antioksidan’, Global Health Science, Vol.2, Issue 3.

Setyoningrum, F., Priadi, G., Afiati, F., Herlina, N., Solikhin, A., Lisani, N. (2018). ‘Functional Properties of Saccharomyces Kluyveri Y-97 Fermented Solo Black Garlic’, Asian Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 2, No. 2, Pages 48-51.

Sumual, AM., Fatmawali, Tallei, TE. (2019). ‘Uji Antibakteri dari Bakteri Asam Laktat Hasil Fermentasi Selada Romain (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.)’, Pharmacon: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Unsrat, Vol.8, No.2

Wikandari, PR., Yuanita, L., Herdyastuti, N., Bimo K, HJ., Juniariani, RE., Cahyaningtyas, FD. (2020), ‘Antioxidant Properties of Single Garlic (Allium sativum) Pickle’, Digital Press Life Sciences 2: 00006 (2020), 10th Asian Conference of Lactic Acid Bacteria.

Zhuang, Y., and L. Sun. (2011). ‘Antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products from lysine- glucose model system as related to optical property and copper (II) binding ability’. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(35).




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.24239

Flag Counter    Â