Pengembangan Sediaan Mikroemulsi Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume)
Abstract
Abstract. Cinnamon Bark Extract (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) contains cinnamaldehyde compounds which have the potential to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity and inhibit the process of melanogenesis. Cinnamon bark extract was formulated into microemulsion form to increase penetration through the skin. This study aims to obtain microemulsion preparations containing cinnamon bark extract which has good physical characteristics. This research begun with microemulsion base optimization with variations in cosurfactant type & concentration. The chosen formula is carried out an advanced optimization that is optimization of the increased concentration of cinnamon bark extract with various concentrations, consist 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. The selected physicochemical evaluations include organoleptic tests (color, odor, consistency), homogeneity, pH, percent transmittance, viscosity and flow properties, and average size distribution of globules. The final formulation of the microemulsion contain 0,5% cinnamon bark extract (FM3 A), 4% sunflower seed oil, 30% tween 80, 20% PEG 400, and 10% ethanol has good characteristics in terms of organoleptic, pH , viscosity,% transmittance, and average globule size distribution, which is 109 nm ± 37.
Keywords: Cinnamomum burmanni, hyperpigmentation, cinnamon bark extract, microemulsion
Abstrak. Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) mengandung senyawa sinamaldehid sehingga berpotensi memiliki aktivitas inhibitor enzim tirosinase dan menghambat proses melanogenesis. Ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan mikroemulsi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penetrasinya melewati kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sediaan mikroemulsi mengandung ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis yang memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik. Penelitian ini diawali dengan optimasi basis mikroemulsi dengan variasi jenis & konsentrasi kosurfaktan. Formula terpilih dilakukan optimasi lanjutan, yaitu optimasi peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%. Terhadap formula terpilih dilakukan evaluasi fisikokimia meliputi uji organoleptis (warna, bau, konsistensi), homogenitas, pH, persen transmitan, viskositas dan sifat alir, dan rata-rata distribusi ukuran globul. Formula akhir sediaan mikroemulsi mengandung ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis 0,5% (FM3 A) mengandung 4% minyak biji bunga matahari, 30% tween 80, 20% PEG 400, dan 10% etanol memiliki karakteristik yang baik dalam hal organoleptis, pH, viskositas, persen transmitan, dan rata-rata distribusi ukuran globul, yaitu 109 nm ± 37.
Kata Kunci: Kayu manis, hiperpigmentasi, kulit batang kayu manis, mikroemulsi, tirosinase
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Baitariza, Ardian., Sasanti T. Darijanto., Jessie S. Pamudji., Irda Fidrianny., Shelvy E. Suherman. (2014). ‘Formulasi dan Evaluasi Mikroemulsi Antikerut Ekstrak Beras Hitam (Oryza sativa L.)’, IJPST, Vol. 1, No. 1.
Chang, C.T., Chang, W.L., Hsu, J.C., Shih, Y.,Chou, S.T. (2013). ‘Chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil’, Botanical Studies, Vol. 54, No. 10: 1-7.
Chang, T.S. (2009). ‘An Updated Review of Tyrosinase Inhibitors’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 10: 2440-2475.
Couteau, C., dan Laurence, C. (2016). ‘Overview of Skin Whitening Agents: Drugs and Cosmetic Products’, Cosmetics, Vol. 3
Cosgrove, Terence. (2005). Bristol Colloid Centre. Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (1989). Materia Medika Indonesia, Jilid V, Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta.
Danimayostu, Adeltrudis Adelsa., Nilna, M.S. dan Dahlia P. (2017). ‘Pengaruh Penggunaan Pati Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) Termodifikasi Asetilasi Oksidasi sebagai Gelling agent terhadap Stabilitas Gel Natrium Diklofenak’, Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, Vol. 3, No. 1: 25-32.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (1995). Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi
IV, Direktorat Jendal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta.
D’Mello, Stacey. A. N., Graeme, J. F., Bruce, C. B. and Marjan, E. A. (2016). ‘Signaling Pathways in Melanogenesis’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 17: 2.
Fitriani, E.W., Erkina, I., Christina, K., Christina, A. (2016). ‘Karakterisasi dan stabilitas Fisik Mikroemulsi Tipe A/M dengan Berbagai Fase Minyak’, Pharm Sci, Vol. 3, No.1.
Gillbro, J. M. and M. J. Olsson. (2011). ‘The Melanogenesis and Mechanisms of Skin-Lightening Agent-Existing and New Approaches’, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 33: 210-211.
Ikuyo, K.H. and Isao, K. (1999). ‘Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the olive oil flavor compounds’, J. Agric. Food Chem, Vol. 47, 4574−4578.
Kale, S. N. and Sharada, L. D. (2017). ‘Emulsion Micro Emulsion and Nano Emulsion: A Review’, Syastematic Reviews in Pharmacy, Vol. 8, No. 1: 39-47.
Luckytha, Siti. R.N. (2019). Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) Dan Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Pelembab [Skripsi], Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Unisversitas Islam Bandung, Bandung.
Ningsih, I. Y. (2014). Farmakognosi FenilPropanoid. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jember, Jember.
Nugroho, B. H., Shesanti, C., Ita, N. S., Reny, N. O., dan Munawwarah. (2017). ‘Formulasi dan evaluasi SNEDDS (Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai analgesic’, Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, Vol. 13, No.2
Pamudji, J. S., Sasanti, T. D., dan Selvy, S. (2012). ‘Formulasi dan Evaluasi Mikroemulsi Minyak dalam Air Betametason 17-Valerat’, Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia, Vol. 37, No. 4: 146-152.
Pillaiyar, T., Manickam, M. and Namasivayam, V. (2017). ‘Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors’, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 32, No.1: 403–425.
Prasista, I. (2010). Uji Penghambatan Tirosinase dan Stabilitas Fisik dari Krim yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Buah Delima ( Punica gratum L.) [Skripsi], Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Rahma, Ima Aisyah. (2017). Uji Antimelanogenik Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Metanol-Kloroform Rumput Laut Coklat Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F. Gmelin) P.C. Silva Melalui Penghambatan Enzim Tirosinase Secara In vitro, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Rowe, C.R., Sheskey, P.J. and Quinn, M.E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipiens, Sixth Edition, Pharmaceutical Press, London
Sabale, Vidya. and Vora, Sejal. (2012). ‘Formulation and evaluation of microemulsion-based hydrogel for topical delivery’, Int J Pharm Investig, Vol. 2, No. 3: 140–149.
Sari, D.O. (2019). Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Melasma pada Pasien di RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek [Skripsi], Jurusan Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
Sukma, Yolanda. C. (2018). Formulasi Sediaan Tabir Surya Mikroemulsi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (ananas cmocus L) dan Uji In Vitro Nilai Sun Protection Facto (SPF) [Skripsi], Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang.
Talageonkar, S., Adnan, A., Farhan, J. A., Roop, K. K., Shadab A. P., dan Zeenat, I. K. (2008). ‘Microemulsions: A Novel Approach to Enchanced Drug Delivery’, Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation, Vol. 2, No.3: 238-257.
Tandel, H., Patel, P. and Jani, P. (2015). ‘Preparation And Study Of Efavirenz Microemulsion Drug Delivery System For Enhancement Of Bioavailability’, European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, Vol. 2, No.5: 1156-117.
Thakkar, H., Jitesh. N., Mayur. P., dan Divyakant. P. (2011). ‘Formulation and Characterization of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System of Raloxifene-Microemulsion and Self- Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System’, Journal of Pharmacy and Biollied Sciences, Vol. 3
Zhang, Chunling., Linhong, Fan., Shunming, Fan., Jiaqi, W., Ting, Luo., Yu, Tang., Zhimin, Chen., Lingying, Yu. (2019). ‘Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Riview of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology’, Molecules, Vol. 24.
Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim., Novi, Ernawati. dan Nurul, I. (2013). ‘Aktivitas Amilum Bengkuang (Pachyrizus Erosus (L.) Urban) sebagai Tabir Surya pada Mencit dan Pengaruh Kenaikan Kadarnya Terhadap Viskositas Sediaan’, Traditional Medicine Journal, Vol. 18, No.1.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.23315
