Hubungan antara Berat Badan Lahir, Pemberian ASI dan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita (Suatu Kajian Kasus di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung Periode Tahun 2016)

Abstract

Abstract: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in children under five years than any other disease in the world. Pneumonia caused by microorganisms and a small part caused by something else (aspiration, radiation, etc.). There are many risk factors that increase the incidence of pneumonia in  children under five years of age, including birth weight, breastfeeding and nutritional status of  children.under five years  In Indonesia cases of Pneumonia reached 22,000 people, it is get eighth rank in the world. The Low of birth weight, breastfeeding and poor nutritional status can have an impact on the high incidence of pneumonia in Indonesia. This study aims to see association between birth weight, breastfeeding and nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years who was happened in Al-Ihsan hospital at Bandung district. This study used method of analytical observation with cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in 3 months, it got 54 subjects who infected by Pneumonia a sample in hospitals of Al-Ihsan Bandung district period of March - May 2016. The results of this study with Chi Square Test of nutritional status variable and Fisher’s Exact Test of birth weight, breastfeeding variable showed that 81.5% of  young children under five years  got of severe pneumonia. The children under five years with BBLR 31.5% got severe pneumonia, although it was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.144). Non-exclusive breastfeeding 66.7% and length of breastfeeding up to 6 months is 55.6% got severe pneumonia, statistically breastfeeding showed a significant relationship (p-value = 0.011) and there is no significant association  for length of breastfeeding (p-value = 0.311). Children under five years with poor nutritional status got more severe pneumonia (38.9%). It was showed statistically significant association (p-value = 0.018). The conclusion of this study, there is a relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia and there was no association  between birth weight and length of breastfeeding with the incidence of pneumonia.

Abstrak: Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian tersering pada balita dibandingkan penyakit lainnya didunia. Pneumonia disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme dan sebagian kecil disebabkan hal lain (aspirasi, radiasi, dll.). banyak faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kejadian pneumonia balita, diantaranya berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI dan status gizi balita. Kasus pneumonia di Indonesia mencapai 22.000 jiwa, menduduki peringkat kedelapan didunia. Rendahnya berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI dan buruknya status gizi berdampak pada tingginya kejadian pneumonia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI dan status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan, didapatkan sampel penelitian 54 subjek dari total  96 balita penderita pneumonia di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung periode bulan Maret – Mei 2016. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan dengan Chi Square Test pada variable status gizi  dan Fisher’s Exact Test pada variable berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI, menunjukkan bahwa 81,5% balita menderita pneumonia berat. Balita dengan BBLR 31,5% mengalami pneumonia berat, meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna (p-value=0,144). Pemberian ASI non eksklusif 66,7% dan lama pemberian ASI sampai 6 bulan 55,6% menderita pneumonia berat, secara statistik pemberian ASI menunjukkan hubungan bermakna (p-value=0,011) dan lama pemberian ASI tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna (p-value=0,311). Balita dengan status gizi buruk lebih banyak menderita pneumonia berat (38,9%) secara statistik terdapat hubungan bermakna (p-value=0,007). Simpulannya, terdapat hubungan antara pemberian ASI dan status gizi dengan kejadian Pneumonia dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara berat badan lahir, dan lama pemberian ASI dengan kejadian pneumonia.