Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Ethanol Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Mencit Model Hiperglikemik Akibat Induksi Aloksan

Abstract

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristic of hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both of them. Diabetes and its complications are the main cause of death in the most of countries. Treatment of DM causes a huge financial burden on individuals and families. Citrus leaves contains flavonoid compounds that have a decreased blood glucose activity through the mechanism of lowering oxidative stress, inhibit GLUT 2 intestinal mucosa, and inhibit phosphodiesterase so that maintain insulin production and blood glucose levels decrease. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of citrus leaves (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) on blood glucose in hyperglycemic mice models induced by alloxan. This research was a quantitative experimental with observational methods using completely randomized design. The subjects were 30 male mice with swiss webster strain were divided into 5 groups: normal group, negative control, concentration 1 of ethanol extract of citrus leaves (3.5g/kg), concentration 2 of ethanol extract of citrus leaves (7g/kg) and concentration 3 of ethanol extract of citrus leaves (14g/kg). Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) measurements was done after the adaptation period, after being given by alloxan, and the last after 10 days treated using glucosemeter. Repeated-Anova and continue with post- hoc test (Bonferroni) was used in this study. The results showed a significant difference between the levels of FBG after induction and FBG after treated in all treatment groups. Optimal concentration of ethanol extract of citrus leaves was on concentration of 14g/kg. Ethanol extract of citrus leaves orally can decrease fasting blood glucose in hyperglycemic mice models induced by alloxan and FBG was decreased was influenced by concentration of the treatment.

Abstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes dan komplikasinya merupakan penyebab utama kematian di sebagian besar negara. Pengobatan DM menyebabkan beban ekonomi yang besar pada individu dan keluarga. Daun jeruk nipis mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang mempunyai aktivitas menurunkan kadar glukosa darah melalui mekanisme menurunkan stress oksidatif, menghambat GLUT 2 mukosa usus, dan menghambat fosfodiesterase sehingga produksi insulin terjaga dan kadar glukosa darah turun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada mencit model hiperglikemik akibat induksi aloksan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif eksperimental dengan metode observasional dan menggunakan disain rancangan acak lengkap. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 ekor mencit jantan galur swiss webster yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis konsentrasi 1 (3,5g/kgBB), ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis konsentrasi 2 (7g/kgBB), dan ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis konsentrasi 3 (14g/kgBB). Pengukuran glukosa darah puasa dilakukan setelah masa adaptasi, setelah diberi aloksan, dan terakhir setelah 10 hari diberi perlakuan menggunakan glukosameter. Statistik menggunakan uji Repeated-Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc (bonferroni). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar GDP setelah induksi dan GDP setelah diberi perlakuan pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Konsentrasi optimal ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis adalah konsentrasi 14g/kgBB. Pemberian ekstrak ethanol daun jeruk nipis per oral dapat menurunkan kadar GDP mencit model hiperglikemik akibat induksi aloksan, serta penurunan kadar GDP tersebut dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi perlakuan.