Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) terhadap Salmonella typhi
Abstract
Abstract: Typhoid fever is caused by bacterium Salmonella typhi which is easily adaptable to humans and transmitted through contaminated food or drink. Ministry of Health RI in 2010 stated that typhoid fever ranks 3rd of 10 patterns of diseases inpatients in hospitals. Some of the commonly used antibacterial drugs have side effects, therefore herbal-based medicine becaome one of treatment option. Some phytochemical content of herbal plants belief has antibacterial effect. Phytochemicals are known owned by breadfruit, breadfruit widely spread in Indonesia but less than optimal utilization. This study aims to determine phytochemica content and antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) against Salmonella typhi. This research used in vitro experimental method, the object is Salmonella typhi (ATCC 786). The test material is breadfruit which macerated 3x24 hours with 96% ethanol, made concentration of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, negative control (physiological NaCl) and positive control (chloramphenicol drop 30μg). Evaluation of antibacterial effect done by a modified method of Kirby-bauer with Mueller Hinton agar as a media and performed 4 times repetition. Phytochemical screening results obtained terpenoids and saponins. Antibacterial effect test results showed no clear zone at each concentration of ethanol extract of breadfruit and negative controls.The conclusion is ethanol extract breadfruit has no antibacterial activity. The results of this study are influenced by genetic factors and the environment in which breadfruit grew.
Abstrak: Demam tifoid disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi yang merupakan bakteri yang mudah beradaptasi pada manusia dan ditularkan melalui makanan atau minuman terkontaminasi. Departemen Kesehatan RI tahun 2010 menyatakan bahwa demam tifoid menempati urutan ke-3 dari 10 pola penyakit terbanyak pasien rawat inap. Beberapa obat antibakteri yang umum digunakan masih memiliki efek samping, maka dari itu penggunaan obat berbahan dasar herbal menjadi salah satu pilihan terapi. Kandungan fitokimia tanaman herbal yang memiliki efek antibakteri adalah fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan terpenoid. Fitokimia tersebut diketahui dimiliki oleh buah sukun, buah sukun banyak tersebar di Indonesia namun pemanfaatannya kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan zat aktif dan efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol buah sukun (Artocarpus altilis) terhadap Salmonella typhi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental in vitro. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah Salmonella typhi (ATCC 786). Bahan uji adalah buah sukun yang dimaserasi 3x24 jam dengan etanol 96%, dibuat konsentrasi 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, kontrol negatif NaCl fisiologis dan kontrol positif kloramfenikol tetes 30µg. Uji efek antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode modifikasi kirby-bauer dengan media Mueller Hinton Agar dan dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil skrining fitokimia didapatkan terpenoid dan saponin. Hasil uji efek antibakteri tidak menunjukan adanya zona bening pada setiap konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah sukun dan kontrol negatif. Simpulan penelitian ini ekstrak etanol buah sukun tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh adanya perbedaan faktor genetik dan lingkungan tempat tumbuh buah sukun.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.4353
