Scoping Review: Pengaruh Paparan Debu Kayu terhadap Fungsi Paru Pekerja Pengolahan Kayu

Raden Sarah Azzahra Nur Arofah, Yuke Andriane, Caecielia Makaginsar

Abstract


Abstract. Processing industry, mining, and agricultural have the highest health problems in Indonesia. One of them is wood processing which has a sawing and sanding process that can produce wood dust. Wood dust is known to contain cellulose, polyose, lignin which can be inhaled, deposited and recognized as foreign bodies by the respiratory system so it can cause disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of wood dust exposure on respiratory function disorders in wood processing workers. This research method is a scoping review, by searching for articles published in 2010-2020 on the Proquest and Google Scholar databases. The sample in this study were research articles in international journals that qualify the inclusion, exclusion criteria and feasibility test based on PICOS obtained 4 articles.The results showed that the respiratory function test had a significant decrease in the parameter values of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) of wood processing workers compared to controls. Meanwhile, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) does not always decrease significantly. FEV1/FVC is predominant significant decrease. Obstructive type is more frequent in wood processing workers than restrictive. The conclusion of this study is exposure to wood dust can reduce lung function. The mechanism that occurs is wood dust settles in the respiratory tract, causing narrowing of the air flow, causing irritation and inflammation. Wood dust concentration and tenure can affect lung function decrease.

Keywords: Respiratory Function Disorders, Respiratoty Function Test, Wood Dust, Wood Processing Workers

Abstrak. Lapangan pekerjaan industri pengolahan, pertambangan, dan pertanian memiliki masalah kesehatan tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah industri pengolahan kayu yang memiliki proses kegiatan penggergajian dan pengamplasan yang dapat menghasilkan debu kayu. Debu kayu mengandung selulosa, poliosa, lignin yang dapat terhirup, mengendap kemudian dianggap benda asing oleh sistem pernapasan sehingga dapat menimbulkan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh paparan debu kayu terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pekerja pengolahan kayu. Metode penelitian ini adalah scoping review, dengan mencari artikel yang dipublikasi tahun 2010-2020 pada database Proquest dan Google Scholar. Sampel penelitian ini berupa artikel penelitian jurnal internasional yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, ekslusi dan uji kelayakan berdasarkan PICOS berjumlah 4 artikel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tes fungsi respirasi mengalami penurunan signifikan pada nilai parameter Volume Ekspirasi Paksa dalam satu detik (VEP1) pekerja pengolahan kayu dibanding kontrol. Sedangkan Kapasitas Vital Paksa (KVP) tidak selalu menurun secara signifikan. Rasio VEP1/KVP dominan mengalami penurunan yang signifikan Jenis obstruktif lebih sering pada pekerja pengolahan kayu dibanding restriktif. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah paparan debu kayu dapat menurunkan fungsi paru. Mekanisme yang terjadi yaitu debu kayu mengendap dalam saluran pernapasan sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan aliran udara, menimbulkan iritasi dan inflamasi. Konsentrasi debu kayu dan masa kerja dapat mempengaruhi penurunan fungsi paru.

Kata Kunci : Debu Kayu, Gangguan Fungsi Paru, Pekerja Pengolahan Kayu, Tes Fungsi Respirasi

Keywords


Debu Kayu, Gangguan Fungsi Paru, Pekerja Pengolahan Kayu, Tes Fungsi Respirasi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v7i1.26807

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