Scoping Review: Hubungan Intensitas dan Lama Paparan Bising dengan Gangguan Pendengaran Akibat Bising pada Pekerja Tekstil

Yuriza Fahmi Nugraha, Lelly Resna Nugrahawati, Iwan Tatang Hermawan

Abstract


Abstract. Noise induced hearing loss is reducing in hearing function due to noise exposure fot long period. Exposure to noise can be a hazard to the hearing function for workers. Noise in the textile industry is generated in all processes, but the highest noise is in the weaving section. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exposure to noise and length of exposure to hearing loss due to noise in textile workers. The research method is a scoping review of 6 national and international journals that meet the eligibility criteria. The results of this study were taken from the PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The results are showed that hearing loss due to noise in textile workers with exposure to noise intensity> 85 dB for> 8 hours / day and length of work> 9 years. a person exposed to high intensity noise and for a long time, can cause the collapse of stereocilia and hair cells, causing permanent damage to hearing function. When the outer hair cells are not functioning, large stimulation or high frequency sound will initiate nerve impulses, so that the sensitivity threshold of the inner hair cells will increase and cause hearing loss.

Keywords: Noise induced hearing loss, noise intensity, textile

Abstrak. Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising merupakan kelainan pendengaran berupa penurunan fungsi pendengaran yang bersifat sensorineural akibat paparan bising yang cukup tinggi dan dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama. Paparan bising ini dapat menjadi bahaya terhadap fungsi pendengaran bagi pekerja. Kebisingan pada industri tekstil dihasilkan di semua proses, tetapi kebisingan tertinggi berada di bagian penenunan kain dari benang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh paparan bising dan lama paparan terhadap gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada pekerja tekstil. Metode penelitian adalah scoping review dari 6 jurnal nasional dan internasional yang memenuhi kriteria kelayakan. Hasil penelitian ini diambil dari database PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, SpringerLink dan Google Scholar. Hasil review penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada pekerja tekstil dengan paparan intensitas bising >85 dB selama >8 jam/hari dan lama kerja >9 tahun. seseorang terpapar bising dengan intensitas tinggi dan dalam waktu yang lama, dapat menyebabkan kolaps pada stereosilia dan hair cells sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan permanen pada fungsi pendengaran. Ketika outer hair cells tidak berfungsi, maka stimulasi yang besar atau suara berfrekuensi tinggi akan menginisiasi impuls saraf, sehingga threshold sensitivitas dari inner hair cells akan meningkat dan menyebabkan hilangnya pendengaran.

Kata Kunci: Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising, kebisingan, tekstil


Keywords


Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising, kebisingan, tekstil

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v7i1.26699

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