Hubungan Stunting dengan Memori Jangka Pendek pada Siswa Usia Sekolah Dasar Kelas 1-6 di SDN Panyirapan 01 Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2019

Athaya Shofiyya Saleh, Susanti Dharmmika, Suganda Tanuwidjaja

Abstract


Abstract. Stunting indicates chronic nutritional deficit from pre-natal to post-natal due to inadequate health, diet, and care. Stunting has short-term effects included decreases cognitive development. Stunting and cognitive function have a relationship which stunting causes impacts on brain development and maturation. One domain of cognitive function is short-term memory which plays role in learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stunting with short-term memory in elementary school age students 1st-6th grade at SDN Panyirapan 01 Bandung Regency. This research used observational analytic method with case control design. Subjects were selected using a total sampling technique for the case group and proportion random sampling for the control group which 83 students as case group and 82 students as control group were obtained that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data obtained through height measurements with stunting status determined based on results of Z-score height index according to age <-2 SD and measurement of short-term memory using Digit Span Test (DST). The results showed the highest frequency of stunting was found in age range of 8-11 years. Average total DST score for stunting and non-stunting subjects was 5.36 and 5.34. Statistical test results using Chi-Square test showed there was no significant relationship between stunting and short-term memory with p value=0.723 (p> 0.05). Conclusion is there is no significant relationship between stunting with short-term memory in elementary school age students in 1st-6th grade at SDN Panyirapan 01 Bandung Regency.

Keywords:   Children, cognitive function, DST, short-term memory, stunting

Abstrak. Stunting mengindikasikan adanya defisit nutrisi kronik sejak masa pre-natal hingga post-natal akibat kesehatan, diet, dan perawatan yang kurang adekuat. Kondisi stunting dapat menimbulkan dampak jangka pendek, salah satunya menurunkan perkembangan kognitif. Stunting dan fungsi kognitif memiliki keterkaitan dimana stunting berefek terhadap perkembangan dan maturasi otak. Salah satu domain fungsi kognitif adalah memori jangka pendek yang berperan dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stunting dengan memori jangka pendek pada siswa usia sekolah dasar kelas 1-6 di SDN Panyirapan 01 Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan desain case control. Subjek dipilih menggunakan teknik pemilihan sampel total sampling untuk kelompok kasus dan proporsi random sampling untuk kelompok kontrol sehingga didapatkan sampel 83 siswa kelompok kasus dan 82 siswa kelompok kontrol yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran tinggi badan dengan status stunting ditetapkan berdasarkan hasil Z-score indeks tinggi badan menurut usia <-2 standar deviasi dan pengukuran memori jangka pendek menggunakan Digit Span Test (DST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi tertinggi kejadian stunting terdapat pada rentang usia 8-11 tahun. Rata-rata skor total DST untuk subjek stunting dan tidak stunting adalah 5.36 dan 5.34. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stunting dengan memori jangka pendek dengan nilai p=0.723 (p>0.05). Kesimpulannya adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stunting dengan memori jangka pendek pada siswa usia sekolah dasar kelas 1-6 di SDN Panyirapan 01 Kabupaten Bandung.

 Kata kunci:  Anak, DST, fungsi kognitif, memori jangka pendek, stunting

 


Keywords


Anak, DST, fungsi kognitif, memori jangka pendek, stunting

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.21301

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