Hubungan Status Gizi dan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia di RSUD l-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung

Abstract

Abstract. Pneumonia is an inflammatory response in the bronchial wall and around the alveoli caused by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae infections. Indonesia found 390,319 patients, but there was a decrease in cases in 2000–2010 ranging from 24.6% to 35.9%. Pneumonia causes > 5 million deaths per year in children in developing countries, for example, in Indonesia, an average of 83 children die every day. West Java Province at 2012 had 63,990 patients. Age <12 months, nutritional status, and not immunizing are risk factors for pneumonia. This study aims to analyze the relationship of nutritional status and history of exclusive breastfeeding in infants with the incidence of pneumonia in Al-Ihsan Hospital, Bandung Regency. This research was conducted in October–December 2018 used a cross-sectional method. Data obtained through interviews, using random sampling with unpaired categorical analytical calculations. There were 52 subjects consisted of 26 pneumonia and 26 non-pneumonia. The highest age was <12 months as many as 42 (81%) childres, boy 28 (54%), normal nutritional status 34 (65%), very thin and not exclusive breastfeeding 38 (73%). There were a significant relationship between the relationship of nutritional status and pneumonia (p = 0.002), and the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of pneumonia (p = 0.002). Conclusions, nutritional status and exclusive breastfeeding affect the incidence of pneumonia

Keywords:, Exclusive breast milk, nutrition status, pneuonia

 

Abstrak. Pneumonia adalah respons inflamasi yang berada di dinding bronkus dan sekitar alveoli yang disebabkan oleh infeksi S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, dan H. influenzae di Indonesia ditemukan 390.319 pasien, namun terdapat penurunan kasus tahun 2000–2010 berkisar 24,6–35,9%. Peneumonia menyebabkan >5 juta kematian per tahun pada anak di negara berkembang, contohnya negara Indonesia rerata 83 balita meninggal setiap harinya. Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012 memiliki 63.990 pasien. Usia <12 bulan, status gizi, dan tidak melakukan imunisasi merupakan faktor risiko pneumonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan status gizi dan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif pada balita dengan kejadian pneumonia di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober–Desember 2018 menggunakan metode case control. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan random sampling dengan perhitungan analitik kategorik tidak berpasangan. Didapat 52 responden terdiri atas 26 responden mengalami pneumonia dan 26 bukan pneumonia. Mayoritas usia <12 bulan sebanyak 42 (81%) balita, jenis kelamin 28 (54%), status gizi normal 34 (65%) dan tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif 38 (73%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara hubungan status gizi dan pneumonia (p=0,002), serta hubungan ASI ekslusif dengan kejadian pneumonia (p=0,002). Simpulan, status gizi dan pemberian ASI eksklusif berpegaruh terhadap kejadian pneumonia

Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, pneumonia, status gizi