Perbedaan Tingkat Pencemaran Bakteriologis Air Sumur Gali Berdasarkan Jarak Dari Sungai Cigunungagung

Abstract

Abstrak. Air merupakan unsur yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu sumber air adalah air sumur gali. Untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit, air sumur gali yang digunakan harus memenuhi standar kualitas air bersih. Kontaminasi terhadap air sumur gali terutama oleh mikroorganisme. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 416 tahun 1990 tentang syarat-syarat dan pengawasan kualitas air, persyaratan mikrobiologi air bersih adalah jumlah bakteri coliform dalam setiap 100 ml air harus nol. Desa Karang Mulya kecamatan Kadungora kabupaten Garut adalah salah satu kelurahan yang dilewati sungai Cigunung Agung. Menurut data primer EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) dan penilaian SKPD (Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah), kondisi Kota Garut masih mengalami masalah sanitasi salah satunya masalah pengelolaan sumber air bersih.       Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional, yang bersifat analitik laboratorik dengan menggunakan rancangan atau desain penelitian komparatif., dengan sampel air sumur gali di desa Karang Mulya kecamatan Kadungora kabupaten Garut. Sampel diteliti dengan metode most probable number (MPN), diperoleh rata-rata jumlah bakteri coliform sebesar 156,35/100ml dan rata-rata jumlah bakteri Escherichia Coli sebesar 154,075/100ml pada sumur yang berada di bantaran sungai. Begitupun pada air sumur gali yang berada lebih dari 15m dari sungai diperoleh ratarata jumlah bakteri coliform sebesar 156,35/100ml dan rata-rata jumlah bakteri Escherichia Coli sebesar 140,75/100ml.        Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menggunakan Mann-Whitney U Test pada derajat kepercayaan 95% diperoleh bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara jarak air sumur gali dari Sungai Cigunung Agung terhadap kandungan bakteriologis.
 
Kata kunci: Air, Sumur gali, Escherichia Coli, coliform, Pencemaran
 
Abstract. Differences in the Bacteriological Level of Well Water Digging Based on River Distance Abstract Water is a very important element for human life. One source of water is dug well water. To prevent the occurrence of disease, the dug well water used must meet clean water quality standards. Contamination of well water digs mainly by microorganisms. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 416 of 1990 concerning the requirements and supervision of water quality, the microbiological requirements of clean water are the number of coliform bacteria in every 100 ml of water must be zero. Karang Mulya Village, Kadungora sub-district, Garut district is one of the villages that is passed by the Cigunung Agung river. According to EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) primary data and SKPD assessment (Regional Work Unit), the condition of Garut City is still experiencing sanitation problems, one of which is the problem of managing clean water sources. This study uses an observational method, which is laboratory analytical by using a comparative research design or design, with samples of dug well water in the village of Karang Mulya, Kadungora district, Garut district. The sample was examined by the most probable number (MPN) method, obtained an average number of coliform bacteria of 156.35 / 100ml and the average number of Escherichia Coli bacteria was 154.075 / 100ml in wells on the riverbank. Likewise in dug well water which is more than 15m from the river, the average number of coliform bacteria is 156.35 / 100ml and the average number of Escherichia Coli bacteria is 140.75 / 100ml.       Based on the results of statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney U Test on the 95% confidence level it was found that there was no difference between the distance of the dug well water from the Cigunung Agung River to the bacteriological content.
 

Keywords: Water, Dug wells, Escherichia Coli, coliform, Pollution