Gambaran Karakteristik dan Faktor Risiko Bayi Lahir Dengan Hiperbilirubinemia di RS Al Islam Periode 2017

Abstract

Abstract. Hyperbilirubinemia is a hemolytic disease of the newborn and the most common cause of neonatal jaundice. Factors that are thought to increase the risk of newborns include: ABO incompatibility, glucose enzyme deficiency 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), low birth weight (LBW), sepsis, gestational age, and prematurity. This study was conducted to determine the description of characteristics and risk factors of infants born with hyperbilirubinemia at Al Islam Hospital period 2017. The research design used is retrospective descriptive observational. The data used secondary data in the form of medical records of patients with hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Sampling method in this research is Total Population Sampling, with total number of 79 babies, including baby boy as many as 59 babies (74.7%) and 20 infant girls (25.3%.). The majority of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia have a low birth weight (LBW) of 77 infants (97.5%), with 31-36 weeks' gestation as many as 67 infants (84.8%), and 76 (96.2%) of preterm infants. Conclusions of this study were the highest frequency of occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia at 31-36 weeks' gestation, with low birth weight (LBW), and prematurity.

Keywords: Hiperbilirubinemia, Low Birth Weight (LBW), Prematurity, Age of Pregnancy

 

 

Abstrak. Hiperbilirubinemia adalah penyakit hemolitik pada bayi baru lahir dan penyebab tersering dari ikterus neonatorum. Faktor-faktor yang diduga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya pada bayi baru lahir antara lain: inkompabilitas ABO, defisiensi enzim glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), sepsis, usia gestasi, dan prematuritas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik dan faktor risiko bayi lahir dengan hiperbilirubinemia di Rumah Sakit Al Islam periode 2017. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan bersifat retrospektif  deskriptif observasional. Data yang digunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik penderita hiperbilirubinemia pada bayi baru lahir. Cara pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini berupa Total Population Sampling, dengan jumlah sebanyak 79 bayi, diantaranya bayi laki-laki sebanyak 59 bayi (74.7%)  dan bayi perempuan sebanyak 20 bayi (25.3%.). Sebagian besar bayi baru lahir dengan hiperbilirubinemia memiliki karakteristik berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR) sebanyak 77 bayi ( 97.5%), dengan usia kehamilan 31-36 minggu sebanyak 67 bayi (84.8%), dan prematuritas 76 bayi (96.2%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu frekuensi tertinggi terjadinya hiperbilirubinemia pada umur kehamilan 31-36 minggu, dengan berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR), dan prematuritas.

Kata Kunci: Hiperbilirubinemia, Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR), Prematuritas, Umur Kehamilan