Karakteristik Penderita Epilepsi dan Pola Penggunaan Obat Anti Epilepsi di Rsud Al-Ihsan Bandung Periode 2015-2017

Reiza Deirfana, Yuke Andriane, Herry S Sastranigardja, Alya Tursina, Nurdjaman Nurimaba

Abstract


Abstract. Epilepsy is a central nervous system disease that has considerable neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social impacts. Regular and adherent drug use is indicated to reduce the frequency and eliminate seizures that improve the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to obtain the characteristics and patterns of epilepsy drug use based on age, sex, etiology, and diagnosis in ambulatory epilepsy patients. The research method is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The data were taken through the medical records of patients diagnosed with epilepsy and received anti-epilepsy drug therapy in outpatients at RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung period 2015-2017. The sample of this study amounted to 70 cases. The results showed the highest age of epilepsy patients at age <17 years as many as 33 people (47.14%). Most epilepsy patients in women were 37 people (52.86%). Epilepsy patients based on the highest awakening age of epilepsy patients aged less than 20 years were 36 people (51.43%). The most patient etiology was caused by idiopathic 43 people (61.43%). The diagnosis of epilepsy was most noted as non-specific epilepsy in 61 people (87.15%). The pattern of epilepsy drug use monotherapy was 52 patients (74.28%). The highest number of epileptic seizure-free patients with monotherapy pattern using valproic acid drug counted 25 people (83.33%). The results showed that the most at the age of 17 years, mostly in women, caused by idiopathic and monotherapy using valproic acid could control seizures and even seizure-free epilepsy patients.

Keywords: Anti-Epileptic Drugs, Drug Use Patterns, Epilepsy.


Abstrak. Epilepsi merupakan penyakit system saraf pusat yang ditandai dengan kejang dan menimbulkan dampak neurobiologik, kognitif, psikologik, dan sosial yang cukup luas. Penggunaan obat secara rutin dan patuh diindikasikan dapat mengurangi frekuensi bahkan menghilangkan kejang sehingga meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh karakteristik dan pola penggunaan obat epilepsi berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, etiologi, dan diagnosis. Metode penelitian merupakan studi deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Data diambil melalui rekam medik pasien yang terdiagnosis epilepsi dan mendapatkan terapi obat anti epilepsi  pada pasien rawat jalan di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung periode tahun 2015-2017. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 70 kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  usia terbanyak tertinggi pada usia <17 tahun sebanyak  33 orang (47.14%). Pasien terbanyak pada perempuan 37 orang (52.86%). Pasien epilepsi berdasarkan usia awitan bangkitan tertinggi pada umur yang kurang dari 20 tahun sebanyak 36 orang (51.43%). Etiologi terbanyak pasien disebabkan oleh idiopatik 43 orang (61,43%). Diagnosis epilepsi paling banyak dicatat sebagai epilepsi tidak spesifik pada 61 orang (87,15%) Pola penggunaan  obat epilepsi didapatkan monoterapi sebanyak  52 pasien (74,28%). Jumlah tertinggi pada pasien epilepsi yang bebas kejang dengan pola monoterapi menggunakan obat asam valproat sebanyak 25 orang (83,33%).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik tertinggi pada usia <17 tahun, tertinggi pada perempuan, disebabkan oleh idiopatik dan pola penggunaan obat monoterapi menggunakan asam valproat dapat mengontrol kejang bahkan bebas kejang pada pasien epilepsi sehingga kualitas hidup pasien menjadi lebih baik.

Kata Kunci: Epilepsi, Obat Anti Epilepsi, Pola Penggunaan Obat.

Keywords


Epilepsi, Obat Anti Epilepsi, Pola Penggunaan Obat

Full Text:

PDF

References


Kelompok Studi Epilepsi Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia (PERDOSSIS). Pedoman Tatalaksana epilepsi. Edisi ke-5. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press; 2014:10-45.

Tjay T H, & Rahardja K. Obat-obat Penting, Khasiat, Penggunaan dan Efek-Efek Sampingnya. Edisi ketujuh, Jakarta, PT Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia. 2015; 425-25.

Joshi R, Tripathi M, Gupta, P Gulati S, & Gupta Y K. Adverse effects & drug load of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsi: Monotherapy versus polytherapy.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research.

; 145(3), 317–26. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_710_15

Harahap, Herpan syafii, Indrayana Y, dan Amalia E. Pola Pengobatan dan Fungsi Kognitif Pasien Epilepsi di RSJ Mutiara Sukma.

Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 2017; 29(4), 335–40. Diunduh di http://jkb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jkb/article/view/1924.

Triono A. Faktor Prognostik Kegagalan Terapi Epilepsi pada Anak dengan Monoterapi. 2014: 4-9

WHO. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Volume 2 Intruction Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010

Shakirullah, Ali N, Khan A, Nabi M. The prevalence, incidence and etiology of epilepsy. Int J Clin & Exp Neurol. 2014:29-39.

Stafstrom CE. Recognizing Seizures and Epilepsi: Insights from Pathophysiology. In: Miller JW, Goodkin HP, editors. Neurology in Practice: Epilepsi. New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell; 2014.p. 20-3

Handayani F, Aulina S. Gambaran Elektroensefalogram Pasien Kejang Pasca Stroke. 2017:1-8

Vozikis A, Goulionis JE, Nikolakis D. Risk Factors associated with epilepsy: a case-control study. Heal Sci J. 2012: 6(3):509-16

Sarhan E, Walker MC, and Selai C. Evidence for Efficacy of Combination of Antiepileptic Drugs in Treatment of Epilepsy. Journal of Neurology Research. 2015; 5(6): 266-77.

Simargul B, Atli O, and Ilgin S. The Effect of Combination Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations Antiepileptics: A Retrospective Study. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 2012; 31(10): 970-80.

Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B. Updated ILAE Evidence Review of Antiepileptic Drug Efficacy and Effectiveness as Initial Monotherapy for Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes. Epilepsia. 2013; 54(3): 251-61.

Naithani M. The Conventional Antiepileptic Drug Use When Compared to a Combination Therapy Regime in a Teaching Hospital in India. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2012; 3(1): 191-7.

Lodhi S, Agrawal N. Neurocognitive problems in epilepsy. Adv Pysch Treat. 2012;18:232-40.

Aninditha Tiara, Wiratman Winnungroho Buku Ajar Neurologi. Edisi 1. Jakarta 2017:90-7.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.12719

Flag Counter    Â