Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah terhadap Jual Beli Barang Bekas/Rongsok (Studi Kasus di Desa Panguragan Kecamatan Klangenan Kabupaten Cirebon)

Abstract

Abstract. Selling and buying is one type of muamalah that brings great benefits in life. Selling and buying can be said to be valid or not depends on the fulfillment of harmonious and the terms of selling and buying according to Islamic law. According to the rule of fikih muamalah basically all forms of muamalah allowed, unless there is a prohibition that forbids it. Selling and buying must be based on likes and selling and buying should bring kemaslahatan not mudharat. But in the practic selling and buying of used goods / rongsok in Panguragan Village Klangenan Sub-district of Cirebon district that is perceived at this time there is an irregularities in the process of selling and buying transactions using a bulk system. The system contains elements of gharar (unclear), because the physical object is not known by the buyer in both the amount and type. Based on the description, the problem discussed in this research is: How to selling and buying according to Islamic law? How to practice selling and buying of used / rongsok in Panguragan Village, Klangenan Sub-district, Cirebon District? And how review fikih muamalah to selling and buying of uses goods/rongsok in Panguragan Village, Klangenan Sub-district, Cirebon District? This research uses qualitative descriptive method that can be interpreted as research that aims to describe or give an overview of the object under study through the data that has been collected by field resesrch ie research conducted in the field or location to be the object of research. Based on the results of research, it can be concluded that the selling and buying according to fuih muamalah is the fulfillment of harmonies and conditions. If not met and the terms of these conditions then the selling and buying becomes invalid. As according to the rule of fikih muamalah selling and buying may be done until there are arguments that forbid, selling and buying is done on the basis of likes like, and than selling and buying should bring kemaslahatan not mudharat. The practice of selling and buying used goods / rongsok in Panguragan Village with the wholesale system is allowed, because the wholesale system that occurs in this Panguragan Village does not include sale and purchase containing gharar element. Because this kind of transaction has become a habit in the community because it has occurred from generation to generation. And in conducting the transaction both parties who make transactions is not one of the parties who feel harmed and the two sides are willing to make each other in selling and buying transactions.

Keywords: Fiqih Muamalah, Selling And Buying, Used Goods / Rongsok.

Abstrak. Jual beli merupakan salah satu jenis muamalah yang membawa manfaat besar dalam kehidupan. Jual beli dapat dikatakan sah atau tidaknya tergantung dari terpenuhinya rukun dan syarat jual beli menurut hukum Islam. Menurut kaidah fikih muamalah pada dasarnya semua bentuk muamalah diperbolehkan, kecuali ada dalil yang melarangnya. Jual beli harus berdasarkan suka sama suka dan jual beli harus mendatangkan kemaslahatan bukan mudharat. Namun dalam pratek jual beli barang bekas/rongsok di Desa Panguragan Kecamatan Klangenan Kabupaten Cirebon yang dirasakan saat ini terdapat kejanggalan yakni dalam proses transaksi jual belinya menggunakan sistem borongan. Sistem tersebut mengandung unsur gharar (ketidak jelasan), karena secara fisik obyeknya tidak diktahui oleh pembeli baik dalam jumlah maupun jenisnya. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana jual beli menurut hukum Islam? Bagaimana prakti jual beli barang bekas/rongsok di Desa Panguragan Kecamatan Klangenan Kabupaten Cirebon? Serta bagaimana tinjuan fikih muamalah terhadap jual beli barang bekas/rongsok di Desa Panguragan Kecamatan Klangenan Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif yang dapat diartikan sebagai penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan atau memberi gambaran terhadap obyek yang diteliti melalui data yang telah terkumpul dengan cara field resesrch (penelitian lapangan) yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan di lapangan atau lokasi yang akan menjadi obyek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jual beli menurut fikih muamalah adalah terpenuhiya rukun dan syarat. Jika tidak terpenuhi rukun dan syarat tersebut maka jual beli menjadi tidak sah. Adapun menurut kaidah fikih muamalah jual beli boleh dilakukan sampai ada dalil yang mengharamkannya, jual beli dilakukan atas dasar suka sama suka, dan jual beli harus mendatangkan kemaslahatan bukan mudharat. Praktek jual beli barang bekas/rongsok di Desa Panguragan dengan sistem borongan tersebut diperbolehkan, karena sistem borongan yang terjadi di Desa Panguragan ini tidak termasuk jual beli yang mengandung unsur gharar. Karena transaksi semacam ini sudah menjadi kebiasaan dimasyarakat karena sudah terjadi secara turun temurun. Serta dalam melakukan transaksi tersebut kedua belah pihak yang melakukan transaksi tidak ada salah satu pihak yang merasa dirugikan dan kedua belah pihak tersebut saling rela dalam melakukan transaksi jual belinya.

Kata Kunci: Fikih Muamalah, Jual Beli, Barang Bekas/Rongsok.