Perbandingan Pengaturan Prinsip Full Protection and Security dalam Hukum Investasi Internasional antara North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) dengan ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA)

Abstract

Investasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk suatu negara dapat mewujudkan pembangunan nasionalnya. Sumber dana investasi dapat berasal dari dalam negeri atau dapat berasal dari luar negeri. Investasi luar negeri atau investasi asing atau dapat juga dikatakan investasi internasional biasanya dilakukan dalam bentuk perjanjian, baik perjanjian berbentuk bilateral maupun multilateral. Dalam perjanjian investasi mengatur mengenai prinsip-prinsip perlindungan investasi internasional, salah satu prinsip perlindungan yang paling penting dalam investasi internasional adalah Full Protection and Security. Salah satu contoh perjanjian investasi multilateral adalah North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) dan ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA). Berkaitan dengan prinsip Full Protection and Security, NAFTA telah mengadopsi klausul FPS ke dalam perjanjiannya. Dalam NAFTA kalusul FPS telah diatur secara jelas dan rinci serta memiliki subjek yang luas. Lain halnya dengan ACIA, klausul FPS diatur dengan dijelaskan kata “Reasonably†serta tidak dijelaskan secara jelas mengenai kata “Reasonably†tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu melalui bahan pustaka atau kajian terhadap prinsip Full Protection and Security dalam North America Free Trade Agreement dan ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement sebagai prinsip perlindungan bagi investasi dari investor negara lain diwilayah host state.Dalam perjanjian NAFTA yang bukan komprehensif di bidang investasi mengatur FPS secara rinci dan luas. Full Protection and Security dalam perjanjian NAFTA terdapat dalam Pasal 1105. Berbeda dengan perjanjian ACIA yang komprehensif. FPS tidak diatur secara rinci dan jelas. FPS dalam ACIA diatur dalam pasal 11. 

Investment is one way for a state to continue its national development. Source of investment funds could come from within the state or may come from overseas. Overseas investment or foreign investment or international investment usually done in the form of agreement, bilateral and multilateral agreement form. In the investment agreement governs investment protection principles, on of the most important protection principles in international investment is Full Protection and Security. One example of multilateral investment agreement is NAFTA and ACIA. Realted to principles of Full Protection and Security, NAFTA has adopted FPS clauses into its agreement. In NAFTA FPS clause has been arranged clearly and detailed, also has comprehensive subject. Another case with ACIA, FPS clauses which is explained in “Reasonably†word, yet the “Reasonably†word itself does not have any complete explanation to the meaning of it.  This study is a descriptive analysis that uses normative juridical approach is through library materials or the study of the principles of Full Protection and Security in the North America Free Trade Agreement and the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement as the principle of protection for investments of investors of other countries in the region host state.NAFTA agreement is not comprehensive in the field of investment set FPS detailed and extensive. Full Protection and Security in the agreement contained in the NAFTA Article 1105. Diffrent From the ACIA comprehensive agreement. FPS is not regulated in detail and clearly. FPS in the ACIA regulated in article 11.