Perbandingan Pengaturan Prinsip Most Favoured Nation dalam Perlindungan Terhadap Investor Berdasarkan Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) dengan Asean Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA)

Abstract

Kegiatan investasi memiliki aturan-aturan dasar atau prinsip mengenai standar perlindungan yang meliputi National Treatment, Most Favoured Nation, Fair and Equitable Treatment, Full Protection and Security, serta Compensation For Expropriation. Prinsip-prinsip ini kemudian diadopsi dalam sebuah konvensi atau perjanjian internasional. Dalam bidang investasi, salah satu contoh perjanjian multilateral yang bersifat universal adalah Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) dan perjanjian multilateral yang bersifat regional adalah ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA). Berkaitan dengan prinsip most favoured nation, TRIMs yang mana merupakan salah satu perjanjian internasional yang berlaku secara universal mengenai bidang penanaman modal, perlakuan yang sama tersebut harus dijalankan dengan segera dan tanpa syarat (immediately and unconditionally) terhadap produk yang berasal atau yang diajukan kepada semua anggota GATT. Lain halnya dengan salah satu perjanjian internasional yang bersifat regional, ACIA, prinsip mengenai most favoured nation telah diatur dengan cukup jelas. ACIA sebagai suatu perjanjian yang berupaya untuk mewujudkan ASEAN Economic Community memperluas bentuk perlakuan non-diskriminasi. Permasalahan yang dikaji bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan prinsip most favoured nation menurut TRIMs dan ACIA serta menganalisis perlindungan hukum dari pengaturan most favoured nation di TRIMs dan ACIA bagi Indonesia sebagai host country. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu melalui bahan pustaka atau kajian terhadap prinsip MFN dalam Trade Related Investment Measures dan ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement sebagai prinsip perlindungan bagi investor dan host country. Dalam perjanjian TRIMs yang tidak begitu komprehensif dan hanya meliputi investasi dibidang barang saja, prinsip MFN tidak diatur secara rinci dan jelas. Prinsip Most Favoured Nation dalam perjanjian TRIMs hanya terdapat dalam bagian pertimbangan/considering. ACIA yang bersifat komprehensif dan meliputi investasi dibidang barang, jasa, dan kekayaan intelektual, prinsip MFN diatur dengan jelas dalam pasal 6 ayat (1), (2), dan (3). Selain itu perjanjian ACIA juga mengizinkan adanya reservation bagi negara peserta.

 

Investment activity has many ground rules or principles regarding the protection standard such as the National Treatment, Most Favoured Nation Treatment, Fair and Equitable Treatment, Full Protection and Security, and Compensation for Expropriation. These principles were later adopted in a convention or treaty. In the field of investment, one of a universal multilateral treaty is the Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the regional multilateral agreements is the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA). In connection with the principle of most favored nation, TRIMs which is one of the international treaties that apply universally in the field of investment, the same treatment should be carried out immediately and unconditionally against original products or submitted to all members GATT. Different with one of the regional international agreements, ACIA, most favored nation principle have been set clearly enough. ACIA as an agreement that seeks to realize the ASEAN Economic Community expands the treatment of non-discrimination principle. The purpose of this study is to determine the rules according to the principle of most favored nation in TRIMs and ACIA and analyze the legal protection of most favored nation principle in TRIMs and ACIA for Indonesia as the host country. Research conductive in this paper was descriptive analysis using normative juridical approach through library materials or the study of principles of most favored nation in the Trade Related Investment Measures and the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement as the protection principle for investors and the host country. TRIMs that is not comprehensive and covers only an investment in goods, the MFN principle is not regulated in detail and clearly. Most Favoured Nation principle in TRIMs agreement only takes part on the considering. In contrast to the TRIMs, ACIA is more comprehensive and also includes investment in goods, services and intellectual property. The MFN principle in ACIA set out clearly in Article 6 paragraph (1), (2) and (3). In addition ACIA agreement also allows the reservation to the participating countries.