Penggunaan Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) dalam Konflik Bersenjata Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional

Kirana Yasyfa Kamila, M. Husni Syam

Abstract


Abstract. Development and advancement in Technology have a big impact to international society and international law. In military, weaponry technology advances raise a new issue and an obligation to review international humanitarian law. Nowadays, States have interest in developing Autonomous Weapons Systems, that is a weapon system that once activated, can select, engage and attack a target without human intervention. Its development and sophisticated technology raise questions on how far the technology affect the concept of responsibility in international humanitarian law and its compliance with international humanitarian law principles. The concerns of this research are the regulation of AWS’ use in an armed conflict under international humanitarian law and States practices regarding its development, use and national poilcy.The author  used juridic-normative approach as the research method, that emphasizes and examines legal sciences and legal basis. In data collection technique, the author used library research and literature studies from primary and secondarydata and analyzed it using juridic-qualitative approach.Based on the research and discussion, the author concluded that there has not been a specific regulation regarding AWS, but the provisions in Geneva Convention 1949, Additional Protocol I 1977 and Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons can be applied to AWS. Particular States have developed and used AWS, but not all States has regulated it in their national policy.

Keywords: Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS), International Humanitarian Law, Weapons.

Abstrak. Perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi mempunyai akibat yang besar terhadap perkembangan masyarakat internasional dan hukum internasional. Dalam dunia militer, kemajuan teknologi persenjataan menimbulkan masalah baru dan keharusan meninjau kembali hukum humaniter internasional. Kini negara-negara tertarik untuk mengembangkan Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) yaitu sistem senjata yang jika sudah diaktivasi dapat memilih, mengunci dan menyerang target tanpa keterlibatan manusia. Pengembangan dan kecanggihan teknologinya menimbulkan pertanyaan sejauh mana perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh terhadap konsep tanggung jawab dalam hukum humaniter internasional dan apakah AWS dapat memenuhi prinsip-prinsip hukum humaniter internasional. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah, bagaimana pengaturan penggunaan AWS dalam konflik bersenjata berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional dan bagaimana praktik negara dalam pengembangan, penggunaan dan kebijakan nasionalnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, yaitu suatu metode pendekatan yang menekankan pada ilmu hukum dengan cara penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan yang bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder serta analisis yang menggunakan yuridis kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa belum ada pengaturan spesifik mengenai AWS, namun ketentuan dalam Geneva Convention 1949, Additional Protocol I 1977 dan Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons dapat diterapkan pada AWS. Beberapa negara telah mengembangkan dan menggunakan AWS, namun tidak semua negara memiliki kebijakan nasional yang mengaturnya.

Kata Kunci: Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS), Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Senjata.


Keywords


Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS), Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Senjata

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.11002

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