Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak dan Fraksi Buah Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Abstract

Abstract. The research had been conducted to find out the characteristics as well as secondary metabolite contents of Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) and to find out the cytotoxic effect as well as LC₅₀ value of the ethanolic extract and fraction of Javanese long pepper on shrimp larva Artemia salina Leach using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). BSLT test on ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction was conducted with test concentration series of 0; 5; 10; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 175; 200; 250; and 300 ppm. The medicinal plant specific and non-specific parameter tests showed the results of ethanol insoluble extract content of 17.22%, water soluble extract content of 11.72%, water content of 8.940%, total ash content of 6.501%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 1.556%. In the phytochemical screening, alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene were detected. From the cytotoxic test, it was found that the LC₅₀ in the ethanolic extract was 44.05 ppm, n-hexane fraction was 70.79 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction was 79.43, and water fraction was 112.2 ppm. Based on the data, the extract and fraction of Javanese long pepper cause cytotoxic on Artemia salina for having LC₅₀ value lower than 1000 ppm.

Abstrak. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik serta kandungan metabolit sekunder dari buah cabai jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) dan mengetahui efek sitotoksik serta nilai LC_50  dari ekstrak etanol dan fraksi cabai jawa) terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pengujian BSLT pada ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat dan air dilakukan dengan seri konsentrasi uji 0; 5; 10; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 175; 200; 250 dan 300 ppm. Pengujian parameter  spesifik dan non spesifik simplisia menunjukan kadar sari larut etanol 17,22 %, dan kadar sari larut air 11,72%, kadar air 8,940 %, kadar abu total 6,501%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,556 %. Pada penapisan fitokimia yang terdeteksi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, monoterpen dan sesquiterpen. Pada pengujian sitotoksik diperoleh LC₅₀ pada ekstrak etanol adalah 44,05 ppm, fraksi n-heksan 70,79 ppm, fraksi etil asetat 79,43 ppm dan fraksi air 112,2 ppm. Berdasarkan data tersebut ekstrak dan fraksi dari buah cabai jawa menyebabkan sitotoksik terhadap Artemia salina karena memiliki nilai LC₅₀ lebih rendah dari 1000 ppm.