Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray)

Abstract

Abstract. Indonesia has many natural resources and traditional medicine ingredients that have been used for people ini many generations as a traditional medicine. One of the plants used in traditional medicine are the leaves of mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray). The purpose of this research was to determine the characteristics of crude drugs and n-hexane extract of mexican sunflower leaves. Crude drugs characteristics include loss on drying, water content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content, water soluble extract  and ethanol soluble extract. While the characteristics of the extract include organoleptic testing and the density of extract. Furthermore, the phytochemical screening of the crude drugs and extracts. The results of the crude drugs standard parameters showed that the loss on drying 8.957%, the water content 5.200%, total ash content  11.918%, acid insoluble ash content 0.708%, water soluble extract 20.810%, ethanol soluble extract 12.240%, and crude drugs organoleptics in powder form coarse, dark green, bitter and distinctive smell. The results of characteristics of extract showed that n-hexane extract  is thick, brown, bitter, distinctive smell and the density of extract 0.669%. Phytocemical screening showed that crude drugs contains polifenolat, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, saponins, sesquiterpene, and steroids. N-hexane extract of mexican sunflower leaves contain flavonoids, sesquiterpenes and steroids.

Abstrak. Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber bahan obat alam dan tradisional yang telah digunakan (secara turun temurun sebagai obat tradisional. Salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah daun kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak n-heksana daun kembang bulan. Karakteristik simplisia meliputi penetapan susut pengeringan, kadar air, kadar abu total dan tidak larut asam, dan kadar sari laru air serta larut etanol. Sedangkan karakteristik ekstrak meliputi pengujian organoleptik dan penentuan bobot jenis ekstrak. Selanjutnya dilakukan penapisan fitokimia terhadap simplisia dan ekstrak. Hasil parameter standar simplisia yaitu, susut pengeringan 8,957%, kadar air 5,200%, kadar abu total 11,918%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,708%, kadar sari larut air 20,810%, kadarsari larut etanol 12,240 %, dan organoleptik simplisia berbentuk serbuk kasar, berwarna hijau tua, pahit dan berbau khas. Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik terhadap ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana berbentuk cairan kental, berwarna coklat kehitaman, pahit dan berbau khas serta bobot jenis sebesar 0,669%. Simplisia daun kembang bulan mengandung  polifenolat, flavonoid, tanin, kuinon, saponin, sesquiterpen, dan steroid. Ekstrak n-heksana daun kembang bulan mengandung flavonoid, sesquiterpen dan steroid.