Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Mareme (Glochidion borneense (Müll. Arg.) Boerl.)

Abstract

Abstract. Mareme (Glochidion borneense (Müll. Arg.) Boerl.) known as wild plants that grow in the forest. Mareme (Glochidion borneense (Müll. Arg.) Boerl.) leaves is one of the fresh vegetable crops that are not too well known by the public, because it is rare to find it. Mareme leaves has efficacy for treating dysentery, cough and diarrhea. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of simplicia and extracts from the mareme leaves. The study was conducted on the manufacture of simplicia, macroscopic observation, determination of specific and non-specific parameter simplicia, mareme leaves extraction, as well as phytochemical screening. From these results, it can be concluded that the mareme leaves have ovoid shape with length 5,300 to 12,100 cm and wide 3 to 5,500 cm. Simplicia mareme leaves has the following characteristics, moisture content 47,390 to 77,820%, drying shrinkage content 27,435%, total ash content 2,421%, acid insoluble ash content 0.129%, water soluble extract content of 3.500%, and ethanol soluble extract 4%. Mareme leaves extract obtained by maceration storey with 3 different solvent polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). From these results, it can be concluded that the n-hexane extract of mareme leaves amounted to 0,265%, the ethyl acetate extract of mareme leaves amounted to 3%, and the methanol extract of leaves mareme amounted to 1.678%.

Abstrak. Mareme (Glochidion borneense (Müll.  Arg.) Boerl.) dikenal sebagai tumbuhan liar yang banyak tumbuh di hutan. Daun mareme (Glochidion borneense (Müll.  Arg.) Boerl.) merupakan salah satu tanaman lalap yang tidak terlalu dikenal oleh masyarakat, karena jarang ditemukan. Daun mareme memiliki khasiat untuk mengobati disentri, batuk dan diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak dari daun mareme. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan simplisia, pengamatan makroskopik, penetapan parameter spesifik dan non spesifik simplisia, ekstraksi daun mareme, serta penapisan fitokimia. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun mareme memiliki bentuk bulat telur dengan panjang 5,300 - 12,100 cm dan lebar 3 - 5,500 cm. Simplisia daun mareme memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut, kadar air 47,390 - 77,820%, susut pengeringan 27,435%, kadar abu total 2,421%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,129%, kadar sari larut air 3,500%, dan kadar sari larut etanol 4%. Ekstrak daun mareme diperoleh melalui metode maserasi bertingkat dengan menggunakan 3 pelarut yang berbeda kepolaran (n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol). Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak n-heksana daun mareme sebesar 0,265%, ekstrak etil asetat daun mareme sebesar 3%, serta ekstrak metanol daun mareme sebesar 1,678%.