Metode-Metode Perkecambahan Peningkat Aktivitas Antioksidan dalam Biji Beras Cokelat (Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract
Abstract. Brown rice contains secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity which can be increased by germination. This process is carried out by soaking rice in water until an extension of the embryo appears. The seed's uptake of water is a source of stress that can induce a rise in secondary metabolite synthesis. This method can be modified in several ways for higher antioxidant activity. This study addresses a few modifications namely the variation of germination conditions (duration & temperature), the use of elicitor, sun drying, anaerobic treatment, and plasma (cold & low-pressure plasma). The antioxidant activity difference percentage was used to show the extent of its increase, before and after treatment. The method of soaking brown rice in water, and germinating them for 96 hours at 34°C can increase the highest antioxidant activity of brown rice by 302,473%. This high increase might be caused by the short duration of soaking and the prolonged germination. Germinated brown rice with high antioxidant activity can be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, or be consumed as antioxidants to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Keywords: Brown rice seed, methods of germination, antioxidant activity.
Abstrak. Beras cokelat mengandung metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, yang dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses perkecambahan. Perkecambahan dilakukan dengan merendam beras dalam air hingga perpanjangan embrionya muncul. Perendaman ini merupakan sumber stres yang dapat menginduksi peningkatan sintesis metabolit sekunder. Metode perkecambahan dapat dimodifikasi melalui beberapa cara untuk mendapatkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi pada beras. Studi ini membahas mengenai beberapa modifikasi metode tersebut, yaitu variasisasi kondisi perkecambahan (durasi & suhu), penggunaan elisitor, pengeringan beras oleh matahari, penggunaan perlakuan anaerobik, dan penggunaan plasma (plasma dingin & tekanan rendah). Persentase perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan digunakan untuk menunjukkan besar peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan beras sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Metode yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi dalam beras cokelat yaitu sebesar 302,473%, adalah metode perendaman beras dalam air, dan dikecambahkan selama 96 jam pada suhu 34 oC. Peningkatan yang tinggi ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh perendaman beras yang singkat, dan perkecambahan yang lama. Beras cokelat kecambah dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dapat dimanfaatkan dalam industri farmasi, makanan, atau kosmetika, dan untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat umum sebagai penangkal radikal bebas.
Kata Kunci: Biji beras cokelat, metode perkecambahan, aktivitas antioksidan.Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.24137
