Kajian Pustaka Pengembangan dan Validasi Metode Analisis Bahan Kimia Obat pada Jamu

Abstract

Abstract. This research is because jamu has became an alternative treatment in community. Jamu has became a choice regarding of its minimum adverse effect compared to chemical medicine. So that, chemical adulteration to jamu was considered to be just an ordinary. As a result, herbal medicine has the complexity of chemical adulteration and must have impact on increasing the risk of its side effects. The phenomenon of illegal herbal medicine accompanied by the development of quantitative analytical methods to provide comprehensive information related to chemical drugs in jamu. The aim of this literature review is to collect the information about development of quantitative analytical methods for chemical adulteration in jamu. This research method was conducted by analyzing local journals that are indexed by SINTA and international journals indexed by SCOPUS. Literature study results show that quantitative analytical methods has been developed and validated such as TLC-densitometry, HPTLC - densitometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, GC / FID, GC / MS, HPLC, UHPLC / MS / MS. All of this method was met the requirements so that it can be stated that the analytical method was able to analyze and provide accurate and precise results. Although many analytical methods have been developed, there are still chemical adulteration in jamu that haven’t been developed yet for quantitative analytical methods such as theophylline and chlorphenilamine maleat.

Keywords: Jamu, chemical adulteration, quantitative analysis, validation.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini didasari oleh penggunaan jamu sebagai pilihan obat alternatif di masyarakat. Jamu menjadi pilihan karena dianggap minim efek samping dibandingkan obat kimia. Namun, kenyataanya penambahan bahan kimia obat ke dalam jamu menjadi hal yang dianggap biasa saja. Akibatnya jamu memiliki kompleksitas obat kimia sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya resiko efek samping. Fenomena maraknya jamu illegal diiringi dengan berkembangnya metode analisis yang bersifat kuantitatif guna memberikan informasi yang komprehensif terkait obat kimia pada jamu. Tujuan kajian pustaka yaitu melakukan review pengembangan metode analisis kuantitatif bahan kimia obat pada jamu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa literature review yakni dengan menganalisis jurnal lokal yang terindeks SINTA dan internasional yang terindeks SCOPUS. Hasil kajian pustaka menunjukan bahwa metode analisis kuantitatif yang dikembangkan dan divalidasi seperti KLT-densitometri, HPTLC - densitometri, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis,GC/FID, GC/MS, HPLC dan UHPLC/MS/MS memenuhi persyaratan validasi sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa metode analisis mampu untuk menganalisis dan memberikan hasil yang akurat dan presisi. Meskipun telah banyak dilakukan pengembangan metode analisis akan tetapi masih terdapat bahan kimia obat pada jamu yang belum banyak dikembangkan metode analisis kuantitatifnya seperti teofilin dan CTM.   

Kata kunci: jamu, bahan kimia obat, Analisis Kuantitatif, validasi.