Optimasi Sediaan Mikroemulsi Gel Antioksidan Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao L.)

Ainul Fatihah Halim, Sani Ega Priani, Aulia Fikri Hidayat

Abstract


Abstract. Cocoa pod husk containing beneficial compounds, one of which are flavonoid, which is classified as polyphenolic compound, known to have antioxidant activity but it still not used optimally and only becomes industrial waste. This study is aiming to determine the antioxidant activity of cocoa pod extract and optimization optimal formula of microemulsion gel containing cocoa pod extract. Cocoa pod was macerated using 70% ethanol as a solvent. The antioxidant activity of cocoa pod extract was tested using DPPH method. Optimization of microemulsion gel base formula was made using surfactant (tween 80), variations in the combination of cosurfactant concentrations (glycerin and ethanol), oil phase (grapeseed oil), and gelling agent (viscolam MAC-10). Optimization of the addition of cocoa pod extract was done with a variety of extract concentrations of 0,5; 0,75; and 1%. Physicochemistry evaluation was done towards the final formula. Cocoa pod extract has a very strong antioxidant activity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 16,05 ± 1,505 ppm. The selected base was formula with single glycerin as a cosurfactant and had a transmittance value of 94,4% ± 0,28. Best microemulsion gel formula contains 0,5% of cocoa pod extract has the best transmittance value of 92,1% ± 0,14. The best microemulsion gel formula contains of 0,5% cocoa pod extract, 5% grapeseed oil, 35% tween 80, 35% glycerin and 1,5% viscolam MAC-10. The formula fulfilled the microemulsion gel requirements which are homogeneous, have a pH of 6, and transmittance value of 92,1% ± 0,14.

Keywords: Cocoa pod husk, antioxidant, microemulsion gel

Abstrak. Kulit buah cokelat mengandung senyawa bermanfaat yaitu flavonoid, dimana flavonoid tergolong senyawa polifenolat yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, namun masih belum digunakan secara optimal dan hanya menjadi limbah industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah cokelat dan mengoptimasi sediaan mikroemulsi gel mengandung ekstrak kulit buah cokelat yang baik. Kulit buat cokelat diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak kulit buah cokelat dengan metode DPPH. Optimasi formula basis mikroemulsi gel dibuat dengan menggunakan surfaktan (tween 80), variasi kombinasi konsentrasi kosurfaktan (gliserin dan etanol), fasa minyak (minyak biji anggur), dan gelling agent (viscolam MAC-10). Optimasi penambahan ekstrak kulit buah cokelat dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 0,5; 0,75; dan 1%. Terhadap formula akhir dilakukan evaluasi fisikokimia. Ekstrak kulit buah cokelat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50  sebesar 16,05 ± 1,505 ppm. Basis terpilih adalah formula dengan gliserin tunggal sebagai kosurfaktan dan memiliki nilai transmitansi 94,4% ± 0,28. Formula mikroemulsi gel terbaik mengandung 0,5% ekstrak kulit buah cokelat, 5% minyak biji anggur, 35% tween 80, 35% gliserin, dan 1,5% viscolam MAC-10. Formula tersebut memenuhi persyaratan sediaan mikroemulsi gel meliputi sediaan yang jernih, homogen, memiliki pH 6, dengan  nilai transmitansi 92,1% ± 0,14.

Kata kunci: Kulit buah cokelat, antioksidan, mikroemulsi gel


Keywords


Kulit buah cokelat, antioksidan, mikroemulsi gel

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.23323

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