Kajian Penggunaan Obat Anti Diare pada Pasien Pediatri di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Dustira Kota Cimahi

Abstract

Abstract. There are two billion cases of diarrhea and 1.9 million children under the age of five die from diarrhea globally every year. Diarrhea is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries because morbidity and mortality are still high. This study aimed to examine the use of antidiarrheal drugs on pediatric patients covering patient characteristics, diarrhea categories, types of drugs, and their intended use on pediatric patients suffering from diarrhea at inpatient installations of Dustira Hospital in Cimahi. This research was a non-experimental research with descriptive method. The data were retrieved using total sampling technique and it used drug prescription data retrospectively. The research obtained 167 prescription sheets that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that 90% patients suffered from diarrhea were under the age of five and 57% of them were female. Specific diarrhea patients were 37% while non-specific patients were 63%. The prescribed drugs were zinc 51.84%, oralit and ringer lactate 39.26%, cefotaxime 30%, and domperidone 61.22%. The use of antidiarrheal drugs on pediatric patients at inpatient installation of Dustira Hospital in Cimahi during September and October 2019 were in accordance with the five pillars of diarrhea management procedure from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2011).

Keywords: Diarrhea, Pediatrics, Types of Drugs.

Abstrak. Diseluruh dunia setiap tahunnya terdapat dua miliar kasus diare dan 1,9 juta anak di bawah usia 5 tahun meninggal akibat diare. Diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang, karena morbiditas dan mortalitas nya masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan obat antidiare pada pasien pediatri meliputi karakteristik pasien, kategori diare serta jenis obat dan tujuan penggunaan pada pasien pediatri yang menderita diare di instalasi rawat inap Rumah Sakit Dustira Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan metode deskriptif. Pengambilan data menggunakan data resep obat secara retrospektif dengan teknik total sampling dan diperoleh 167 lembar resep yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitan menunjukan pasien yang menderita diare dibawah usia 5 tahun 90%, jenis kelamin perempuan 57%, diare spesifik 37%, non spesifik 63%, jenis obat zink 51,84%, oralit dan ringer laktat 39,26%, cefotaxime 30% dan domperidone 61,22%. Penggunaan obat antidiare pada pasien pediatri di instalasi rawat inap Rumah Sakit Dustira Kota Cimahi periode September dan Oktober tahun 2019 telah sesuai dengan protap tatalaksana diare Kemenkes RI (2011) lima pilar penatalaksanaan diare.

Kata Kunci: Diare, Pediatri, Jenis Obat.