Literature Review: Fitosom sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Senyawa Polifenol dari Bahan Alam
Abstract
Abstract. The use of natural ingredients as medicine both to prevent or overcome the illness suffered is still widely used since then even nowdays. The content of active compounds contained in these plants has a variety of pharmacological activities. Most active compounds from natural substances are polar, such as polyphenols which are a group of active compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Polyphenols are highly polar that it is difficult to penetrate through lipid-rich membranes and resulted in poor bioavailability. Polyphenol bioavailability can be enhanced by the formation of phytoconstituent-phospholipid complexes known as phytosomes. The purpose of this study is to find out how phytosomes can improve the bioavailability of natural polyphenols. Phytosomes has the ability to change polar phytoconstituents to be compatible in nonpolar environments because of the presence of phospholipids so that the ability to penetrate lipid-rich membranes and the pharmacological activity of phytoconstituents can be improved. Various studies on formulations and in vitro / in vivo testing of the phytosome complex have been carried out and it can be concluded that this phytosome technology has a great potential to become an alternative drug formulation from natural ingredients.
 Keywords: Extract, Phytoconstituent, Polyphenol, Phospolipid, Bioavailability, Phytosome
Abstrak. Penggunaan bahan alam sebagai obat baik untuk mencegah atau mengatasi penyakit yang diderita banyak digunakan sejak dulu bahkan hingga sekarang. Kandungan senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada tumbuhan tersebut memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi. Sebagian besar senyawa aktif dari bahan alam bersifat polar, seperti polifenol yang merupakan kelompok senyawa aktif dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Polifenol bersifat sangat polar sehingga sulit berpenetrasi melalui membran yang kaya akan lipid dan menyebabkan bioavailabilitas rendah. Bioavailabilitas polifenol dapat ditingkatkan dengan pembentukan kompleks fitokonstituen-fosfolipid atau dikenal dengan fitosom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana fitosom dapat meningkatkan bioavailabilitas senyawa polifenol dari bahan alam. Fitosom dapat mengubah fitokonstituen yang polar menjadi kompatibel pada lingkungan nonpolar karena adanya fosfolipid sehingga kemampuan menembus membran kaya akan lipid dan aktivitas farmakologi dari fitokonstituen dapat ditingkatkan. Berbagai penelitian mengenai formulasi dan pengujian in vitro/ in vivo dari kompleks fitosom telah dilakukan dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi fitosom ini memiliki potensi yang besar untuk menjadi alternatif pembuatan obat dari bahan alam.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak, Fitokonstituen, Polifenol, Fosfolipid, Bioavailabilitas, Fitosom
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.22553
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