Uji Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata Linn) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella Typhi

Muhammad Nur Ilhamudin, Usep Abdullah Husin, R.Anita Indriyanti, Lelly Yuniarti

Abstract


Abstract: Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Typhoid fever In Indonesia, typhoid problem were caused by factor environmental hygiene, antibiotic resistance, and ineffective vaccination factors. Drug of choice for this disease is Chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol is known to have some side effects. Leaves soursop (Annona muricata Linn) has been used by most of Indonesian people to treat many diseases. The active substance contained in soursop leaves are Annoneceus acetogenin, Flavonoids, Tanin, Alkaloid and Saponin are known to have antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of fraction ethyl acetate of soursop leaves against Salmonella typhi and assess the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum murder concentration (MMC) of fraction ethyl acetate of leaves soursop.The study was conducted with pure laboratory experimental methods such as in vitro. The sampels are pure cultures Salmonella typhi were obtained from laboratory of STIKES UNJANI. The material test of Fraction ethyl acetate of leaves of soursop (Annona muricata Linn) with a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, chloramphenicol 30µg as positive control, and Tween 80 as negative control. Antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhi tested using the modified Kirby-Bauer method on Mueller Hilton agar media performed as much as four times repetition.The result of antibacterial test showed inhibition zone formation at a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and Chloramphenicol as positive control.The conclusion was Fraction ethyl acetate of leaves of soursop has antibacterial effect svery low against Salmonella typhi. But in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bakteriasidal concentration (MBC) of fraction ethyl acetate soursop leaves showed negative results.

Abstrak: Demam tifoid merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Masalah Tifoid di Indonesia disebabkan oleh  faktor kebersihan lingkungan, resistensi antibiotik, dan belum adanya vaksin yang efektif. Obat yang menjadi pilihan utama pada penyakit ini adalah kloramfenikol. Obat ini diketahui memiliki beberapa efek samping. Tanaman sirsak telah digunakan secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengobati penyakit . Zat aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirsak yaitu Annoneceus acetogenin, Flavonoid, Tanin, Alkaloid, dan Saponin yang memiliki efek antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat daun sirsak terhadap Salmonella typhi, dan menilai Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) dari Fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorik murni secara in vitro. Sampel berasal dari biakan murni Salmonella typhi yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium STIKES UNJANI. Bahan uji berupa Fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 20%,40%,60%,80%, kloramfenikol 30 µg sebagai kontrol positif dan Tween 80 sebagai kontrol negatif. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi modifikasi Kirby bauer dengan medium agar Mueler Hilton yang dilakukan sebanyak empat kali pengulangan.  Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukan terbentuknya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 20%,40%,60%,80% dan kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sangat rendah terhadap Salmonella typhi. . Namun pada konsentrasi hambat mnimal dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak menunjukan hasil yang negatif.


Keywords


Test of Antibacterial Ethyl Acetate Fraction Leaf Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) against bacteria Salmonella Typhi

References


Adeyanju ES, Agyeno O. Asian Review of Enviromental and Earth Sciences Preliminary Phytochemical , Antimicrobial and Proximate Analysis of Tender Leaves of Psidium guajava L in Jos, Plateu State, Nigeria. 2014;1(2):35-8

Aniszewski T. Alkaloids – Secrets of Life Internet. Alkaloids – Secrets of Life. 2007. 141-180 p.Availablefrom

Arabski M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Czerwonka G, Lankoff A, Kaca W. Effects of saponins against clinical Escherichia coli strains and eukaryotic cell line. 2012 ; 1–6

Dewi HAC Hermawati R. Khasiat ajaib daun sirsak. Malang. Padi 2013 hlm 56-88. , Zuhud EA. Bukti khasiat kedahsyatan sirsak menumpas kangker Edisi ke-1 Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka 2011.

Jawetz, Melnick, Adelberg. Medical Microbiology. McGraw-Hill Medical 25 edition. Chapter15 ; March 16, 2010

Kenneth J.Ryan / C. George Ray. Sherris Medical Microbiology, McGraw-Hill Medical; Chapter 21 ; 4th (Fourth) Edition edition 2003

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Nomor 364/MENKES/SK/V/2006 tentang Pedoman Pengendalian Demam Tifoid. Jakarta: Departeman KesehatanRepublik Indonesia. Tahun 2008

Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activites of flavonoids: An overview. Sci World J. 2013

Lim CK, Panesyan A, Hassan KA, Loper JE, Paulsen IT. Effect of tannin acid on the tanscriptome of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas protogens Pf-5. May 2013 ; 79(9): 3141-4

Maulita Cut Nuria, Enay Puji Astuti, Sumantri, Antibacterial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Methanol Extract from sosor bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Pers), Tahun 2010 ; Hal 51-61

Nakanishi S, Abe M, Yamamoto S, Murai M, Miyoshi H. Bis-THF motif of acetogenin binds to the third matrix-side loop of ND1 subunit in mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011; 1807: 1170–6

Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2010

Profil Kesehatan Jawa Barat, Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2007

Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, dkk. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Edisi VI ; Tahun 2010, Bab Demam Tifoid (halaman 549-555)

Shashank Kumar and Abhay K. Pandey, Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: Hindawi Publishing Corporation, The ScientificWorld Journal, Volume 2013 ; Article ID 162750, 16 pages

Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, Mehran Fadaeinasab, Sonia Nikzad, Gokula Mohan,Hapipah Mohd Ali and Habsah Abdul Kadir , Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2015 ; ISSN 1422-0067

Yuniarti L, Purbaningsih W, Fauzan A, Maulifa U, Ananto Medical Faculty Bandung Islamic University TDMF. Guardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14018 Resistant to Metronidazol and Sorusup Leaves (Annona muricata linn). 2016;3(3):1-16




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.4754

Flag Counter    Â