Gambaran Tingkat Self Care pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Al-Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

Abstract: The morbidity of diabetes increases globally, approximately 347 million people worldwide have diabetes, especially in developing countries. Indonesia’s rank is the 7^th largest in the world with an estimated 8.4 million sufferers. Diabetes is life threatening, debilitating and can increase the risk of complications if not getting treated promptly and strictly controlled. This can be minimized if the patients have the knowledge and the abilities to perform self-care, includes treatment, setting eating, physical activity, self-monitor blood sugar, foot care, and healthy coping. This research uses a descriptive method with a cross sectional approach and use a questionnaire as the research instrument which is derived from the summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) that has been modified. The subjects of the study are 68 outpatients who suffer the Type 2 DM and fulfil all the inclusive criterias in Poli Endocrine Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java province in the period of March 2016. The study shows that the level of self-care in the outpatients with Type 2 DM at Al Ihsan Hospital Poli Endocrine is balance, (34:34) between the respondents with a good level of self care and those with low level self care. The level of someone’s self care is also determined by age, gender, education, job, income, the period of suffering, and DM self care recommendations. This study concludes that the proportion of patients with the low level of self-care still in a great number and there are no self-care activities that have been implemented for one week fully, whereas all self-care activities should be done completely and thorough because all of the aspects of the self care support and influence each other. It shows that the self-care of diabetes has not received maximum attention from patients and health care professionals.Besides that the level of self care is affected by various factors.

Abstrak: Morbiditas diabetes meningkat secara global, sekitar 347 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengidap diabetes khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Indonesia temasuk urutan ke-7 di dunia dengan estimasi 8,4 juta penderita. Diabetes meningkatkan risiko komplikasi,  melemahkan, dan mengancam jiwa jika tidak segera diobati dan dikontrol secara ketat. Hal tersebut dapat diminimalkan jika pasien memiliki pengetahuan dan kemampuan untuk melakukan self care  meliputi pengobatan , pengaturan makan, aktifitas fisik, monitor gula darah mandiri, perawatan kaki, dan koping sehat. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang berasal dari The summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) yang telah dimodifikasi. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 68 orang adalah pasien rawat jalan DM Tipe 2 di Poli Endokrin RSUD Al Ihsan, Provinsi Jawa Barat pada periode bulan Maret tahun 2016, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Diperoleh hasil bahwa tingkat self care pada pasien rawat jalan DM Tipe 2 di Poli Endokrin RSUD Al Ihsan berimbang (34:34%) antara responden dengan tingkat self care baik dan kurang baik. Ditemukan pula bahwa tingkat self care seseorang ditentukan oleh faktor usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, lama menderita DM, dan rekomendasi self care. Penelitian ini memberi kesimpulan bahwa proporsi pasien dengan self care kurang baik masih sangat besar dan tidak adanya aktifitas self care yang dilakukan secara penuh selama seminggu padahal seluruh aspek pada self care saling mendukung dan mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa self care diabetes belum mendapatkan perhatian yang maksimal dari pasien dan petugas kesehatan. Selain itu tingkat self care seseorang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.