Hubungan Kelahiran Prematur dengan Kejadian Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Abstract
Abstract: Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disease characterized by reduced concentration and increased impulsivity in children or adolescents compared with someone at that age.. Some of these conditions thought to be the risk factors for ADHD such as, exposure to alcohol, exposure to lead, or cocaine during pregnancy, neurological trauma during labor, prematurity, low birth weigth, brain infections, head trauma, seizures, Tourette syndrome, a history of mental retardation.. The premature child’s prefrontal lobe is not well developed. Based on this phenomenon, the problem in this research is formulated as follows: whether there are relationship between prematurity and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This was an analytic study using case control method. Data were taken from a form that is filled through the interview process with a parent of patient with ADHD as case group at Grha Atma Bandung and a parent of patient with no ADHD as control group at RSAU Salamun Bandung in February-July 2016 with concecutive sampling. The results showed that 48 patients with ADHD at Grha Atma Bandung found have history of prematurity 17 people (35.42%) while the patient with no prematurity 31 people (64.58%). The statistical analysis showed p=0.04. In this study it can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between prematurity with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Abstrak: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) atau Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakan penyakit ditandai dengan berkurangnya pemusatan perhatian dan meningkatnya impulsivitas pada anak atau remaja dibandingkan dengan seseorang pada umur tersebut. Beberapa kondisi diduga sebagai faktor risiko ADHD antara lain, terpaparnya alkohol, timbal, atau kokain saat kehamilan, adanya trauma neurologis saat persalinan, kelahiran prematur, berat badan bayi lahir rendah, adanya infeksi otak, trauma kepala, kejang, sindrom Tourette, riwayat retardasi mental. Pada anak prematur, lobus prefrontal otak tidak berkembang dengan baik yang merupakan salah satu penyebab dari ADHD. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Apakah terdapat hubungan antara kelahiran prematur dengan kejadian Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan desain case control. Data diperoleh dari kuisioner yang diisi melalui proses wawancara denga orang tua penderita ADHD sebagai kelompok kasus di Grha Atma Bandung dan tidak ADHD sebagai kelompok kontrol di RSAU Salamun Bandung pada Februari-Juli tahun 2016 dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil masing-masing sebanyak 48 orang dengan cara concecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 48 orang pasien yang menderita ADHD, ditemukan sebanyak 17 orang pasien yang prematur (35,42%) sedangkan pasien tidak prematur sebanyak 31 orang (64,58%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil p=0,04. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kelahiran prematur dengan kejadian Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.4663
