Gambaran karakteristik Pasien Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSUD Al Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2015

Abstract

Abstract: Birth asphyxia is one of main causes of infant mortality in the first week after the birth. In Indonesia, approximately 21% of child deaths under the age of five are caused by asphyxia. The risk factors for birth asphyxia may be maternal, fetal or neonatal. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients who are diagnosed with birth asphyxia in Al Ihsan local general hospital (RSUD) in West Java, 2015. This observational descriptive research with cross-sectional method collected secondary data from patients’ medical records. The samples of this study consisted of 122 patients who were diagnosed with birth asphyxia, and were selected using total sampling technique. The patients’ characteristics being observed were the severity grade of asphyxia, the gestational age, the birth weight, the method of delivery and antepartum and intrapartum complications. The results showed that the patients with mild to moderate birth asphyxia outnumbered those with severe asphyxia by 89.30%. Meanwhile, the infants with full-term asphyxia were found to be more frequent than those with pre-term and post-term asphyxia, reaching 79.50% of the total case. In addition, asphyxiated infants with normal birthweight were found to outnumber the the low birth weight infants by 72.95%. Approxiamately, 51.64% patients were born by caesarean delivery. The complications found to take place most frequently were fetal distress malpresentation, and premature rupture of the membrane (PROM). The results lead to a conclusion that the birth asphyxiated patients were frequently characterized by the mild to moderate asphyxia, the full-term asphyxia, the normal birth weight, and born by caesarean delivery.The most frequent complications were fetal distress, malpresentation, and premature rupture of the membrane (PROM).

Abstrak: Asfiksia neonatorum merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian bayi pada minggu pertama setelah kelahiran dan menyebabkan 21% kematian anak usia dibawah lima tahun di Indonesia. Faktor risiko  asfiksia neonatorum dapat berasal dari maternal, fetal dan neonatal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat karakteristik pasien asfiksia neonatorun di RSUD Al Ihsan provinsi Jawa Barat periode Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan metode corss-sectional dengan sumber data sekunder yaitu rekam medik. Sampel dipilih secara total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 122 pasien asfiksia neonatorum. Karakteristik yang diteliti diantaranya derajat asfiksia, masa gestasi, berat bayi lahir dan cara lahir serta penyulit pada masa antepartum dan intrapartum. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah pasien asfiksia ringan-sedang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan asfikia berat yaitu 89,30%. Pasien asfiksia yang cukup bulan lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan yang kurang atau lewat bulan yaitu 79,50%. Pasien asfiksia dengan berat badan normal lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan yang BBLR yaitu 72,95% dan 51,64% pasien lahir secara sectio caesarea. Penyulit yang paling sering terjadi diantaranya gawat janin, malpresentasi dan ketuban pecah dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pasien asfiksia neonatorum yang paling sering terjadi diantaranya, asfiksia ringan-sedang, berat lahir normal dan cukup bulan, lahir secara sectio caesarea dan penyulit yang sering terjadi diantaranya gawat janin, malpresentasi dan ketuban pecah dini.