Penatalaksanaan Dermatitis Atopik pada Balita di RSUD Al Ihsan Bandung Tahun 2018

Abstract

Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is an inflammation of the skin consisting of chronic residual dermatitis that can be accompanied by itching, affect certain body parts. Clinical manifestation of AD may consist of recurrent pruritus in predilection sites surface of the neck, face, and exstensor areas in children and infants. The diagnosis is made using the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka (1980). This study was made to determine the prevalence, and the characteristics of age, sex, predilection, atopic history, and treatment of AD  patients  in Al Ihsan Hospital Bandung in 2018. This study used a descriptive observational method. The study material was obtained from secondary data from medical records of atopic dermatitis patients in Al Ihsan Bandung. Data were taken randomly and data that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The result of the study showed that in Al Ihsan Hospital Bandung the prevalence of AD in 2018 was nine out of 374 patients under five years children who visited Departemen of Dermato Venereology Al Ihsan Bandung. Most of the patient aged  31—35 months old i.e  three out of nine patient. According to gender most were male patient, five out of nine patient. Generalized is the most common lesions as much as three out of nine patient, and most of the patient did not have any history of atopic disease. The most treatment given is antihistamin, topical corticosteroid, and emollient. There are some differences from prior studies that might happened due to the lack of completeness of data in the medical records

Keyword: atopic dermatitis, characteristics, eczema, prevalence

Abstrak. Dermatitis atopik (DA) atau eksim adalah peradangan kulit berupa dermatitis kronis residif yang disertai rasa gatal, dan mengenai bagian tubuh tertentu. Manifestasi klinis DA dapat berupa pruritus berulang di tempat predileksi yaitu permukaan leher, wajah, dan daerah ekstensor pada anak dan bayi. Diagnosis ditegakkan menggunakan kriteria Hanifin dan Rajka (1980). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, gambaran usia, jenis kelamin, predileksi, riwayat atopik, serta penatalaksanaan pada pasien DA balita di RSUD  Al Ihsan Bandung tahun 2018. Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif observasional. Penelitian ini diperoleh dari data sekunder berupa rekam medis. Data  diambil secara total random sampling. Hasil penelitian pada RSUD Al Ihsan Bandung menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DA pada tahun 2018 adalah sembilan kasus. Usia terbanyak adalah rentang 31—35 bulan. Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah pria, lima dari sembilan pasien. Lesi tersering adalah generalisata sebanyak tiga dari sembilan pasien. Mayoritas pasien DA tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit atopik sebelumnya.Terdapat beberapa perbedaan dengan referensi terdahulu yang dapat disebabkan karena minimnya kelengkapan data pada rekam medis

Kata kunci: Dermatitis atopic, eksim, karakteristik, prevalensi