Hubungan Faktor Risiko Klasik Penyakit Arteri Koroner dan Derajat Stenosis Arteri Koroner pada Pasien Infark Miokard Akut di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Periode 2017-2018

Abstract

Abstract. Acute Coronary Syndrome is a conditions that involves chest discomfort or other symptoms caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscles (myocardium). The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in West Java diagnosed by doctors is highest in males than females and highest in ages <65 years. Coventional risk factors for coronary artery disease are smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and family history. Acute myocardial infarction has coronary artery stenosis degress and divided into normal, non significant, one vessel disease, two vessel disease, three vessel disease, and left main disease. This study used an analytical observasional methods and its test used Fisher Exact test with 122 respondent. The results of the study on univariate analysis, smoking risk factor 93 people (76.2%), hypertension 80 people (65.6%), diabetes 34 people (27.9%), family history of 14 people (11.5%), dyslipidemia 49 people (40.2%). Bivariate analysis explained that there was a significant correlation because the proportion of smoking was higher at the degree of stenosis 3 VD with p = 0.01 (p <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between risk factors and the degree of stenosis because there were differences in the proportion of smoking risk factors in the degree of LM disease stenosis.

Keywords : Acute Myocardial Infarction, Conventional Risk Factors, Stenosis Degrees, Coronary Artery

Abstrak. Infark Miokard Akut (IMA) adalah sebuah kondisi yang melibatkan ketidaknyamanan dada atau gejala lain yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya oksigen ke otot jantung (miokardium). Prevalensi IMA di Jawa Barat yang didiagnosis dokter paling tinggi terjadi pada laki – laki dari pada perempuan dan paling tinggi pada usia < 65 tahun. Faktor risiko klasik penyakit arteri koroner yaitu merokok, hipertensi, dislipidemia, diabetes melitus, dan riwayat keluarga.  Pada pasien infark miokard akut terdapat stenosis arteri koroner yang derajat stenosisnya dibagi menjadi normal, non significant, one vessel disease, two vessel disease, three vessel disease, dan LM disease. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik menggunakan Uji Fisher Exact, dan total sampel 122 data subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian pada analisa univariat, faktor risiko merokok 93 orang (76,2%), hipertensi 80 orang (65,6%), diabetes 34 orang (27,9%), riwayat keluarga 14 orang (11,5%), dyslipidemia 49 orang (40,2%). Analisa bivariat menjelaskan terdapat hubungan bermakna karena proporsi merokok lebih tinggi pada derajat stenosis 3 VD dengan nilai p=0,01 (p<0,05). Analisa multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor risiko dan derajat stenosis karena terdapat perbedaan proporsi faktor risiko merokok pada derajat stenosis LM disease.

Kata Kunci : Infark Miokard Akut, Faktor Risiko Klasik, Derajat Stenosis, Arteri Koroner