Efek Antibakteri Distilasi Uap Minyak Atsiri Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) terhadap Bakteri Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Secara in vitro

Abstract

Abstract. Nosocomial infection that occur in Indonesia are mostly caused by bacteria that are resistant to the most of antibiotics, one of them is Methicilllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This MRSA bacteria cause complicated treatment and has potential to cause an increase number of morbidity and mortality in the hospital. Clove plant is often used as traditional medicine in Indonesia due to the content of essential oil which have biological activities. The aims of this research are to know the antibacterial effect (in vitro) of clove bud essential oil steam distillation (Syzygium aromaticum L.) to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria and to assess minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of clove bud essential oil steam distillation (Syzygium aromaticum L.) against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. This research was conducted by laboratory experimental method. Antibacterial test was performed by diffusion and dilution methods with streak confirmation. The research was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Biofarma Bandung in September – October 2018. The result of antibacterial test by diffusion method showed the formation of inhibition zone at concentration of 100% clove bud steam distillation essential oil with an average diameter are 26 mm. The result of dilution test showed that KHM and KBM in clove bud essential oil at concentration 12,5%. Active compound contents such as alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and eugenol are estimated acting as an antibacterial agent. This study shows that there is antibacterial effect of clove bud essential oil steam distillation (Syzygium aromaticum L.) against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. 

Key words: Clove bud essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nosocomial infection, Steam distillation

 

Abstrak. Infeksi nosokomial yang terjadi di Indonesia banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik, salah satunya Methicilllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bakteri MRSA ini menyulitkan pengobatan dan berpotensi menyebabkan peningkatan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas di rumah sakit. Tanaman cengkeh sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional di Indonesia akibat kandungan minyak atsiri didalamnya yang memiliki aktivitas biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri distilasi uap minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) terhadap bakteri Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dan menilai konsentrasi hambat minimal serta konsentrasi bunuh minimal distilasi uap minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) terhadap bakteri Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratorik. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode deifusi dan dilusi dengan konfirmasi streak. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Biofarma Bandung pada bulan September – Oktober 2018. Hasil uji antibakteri dengan metode difusi menunjukkan terbentuknya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 100% distilasi uap minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dengan diameter rata-rata 26 mm. Hasil uji dengan metode dilusi ditemukan KHM dan KBM pada distilasi uap minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh di konsentrasi 12,5%. Kandungan senyawa aktifnya seperti alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin dan eugenol diperkirakan berperan dalam efek antibakteri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efek antibakteri distilasi uap minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) terhadap bakteri Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 

Kata Kunci: Distilasi uap, Infeksi nosokomial, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Minyak Atsiri Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.)