Hubungan Riwayat Kejang Demam dengan Gangguan Perkembangan Anak di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung

Abstract

Abstract.Febrile seizures are the most neurological disorders in children under five years. Although it was believed has a negative impact on child development, the relationship between incidence of febrile seizures and child developmental disorders was still controversial. This study aims was to determine the relationship between history of febrile seizures with developmental disorders in children. This study used an observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. A total of 138 patients in pediatric outpatient department RSUD Al-Ihsan were selected consecutively as the subject of the study. Developmental data were measured by development pre-screening questionnaires instrument and a history of febrile seizures was asked by interview. Data was taken in April–June 2018, then analyzed using chi square test with the help of SPSS software. From this study was obtained 53 children (38%) who had a history of febrile seizures, 31 children (58%) had appropriate developments, 12 children (23%) had dubious developments, and 10 children (19%) had deviant development. While the respondents without history of febrile seizure, 60% had appropriate developments, 27% had dubious developments, and 13% had deviant developments. From statistical test, there was no significant relationship between febrile seizures history with developmental disorders (p=0.625). Other factors such as nutrition, parental stimulation and protection are thought to have a greater impact on child development. It can be concluded that there was no relationship between history of febrile seizures with developmental disorders in chidren.

Keywords: Child developmental disorders, febrile seizures, KPSP

 

Abstrak.Kejang demam merupakan gangguan neurologis yang sering dijumpai pada anak balita. Meskipun diyakini berdampak buruk pada perkembangan anak, hubungan kejadian kejang demam dan gangguan perkembangan anak masih menjadi kontroversi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat kejang demam dan gangguan perkembangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 138 pasien di poli rawat jalan bagian anak RSUD Al-Ihsan dipilih secara consecutive sebagai subjek penelitian. Data perkembangan diukur dengan instrumen kuesioner pra-skrining perkembangan (KPSP) dan riwayat kejang demam ditanyakan melalui wawancara. Data diambil pada bulan April–Juni 2018, lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dengan bantuan software SPSS. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan 53 anak (38%) yang memiliki riwayat kejang demam dengan 31 orang (58%) perkembangan yang sesuai, 12 orang (23%) perkembangan meragukan, dan 10 orang (19%) perkembangan yang menyimpang. Sementara pada responden tanpa riwayat kejang demam, 60% memiliki perkembangan yang sesuai, 27% meragukan, dan 13% mengalami perkembangan yang menyimpang. Dari uji statistik, tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat kejang demam dan gangguan perkembangan (p=0,625). Faktor lain seperti gizi, stimulasi, dan proteksi orangtua diduga memiliki pengaruh lebih besar terhadap kondisi perkembangan anak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan riwayat kejang demam dengan gangguan perkembangan anak.

Kata kunci : Gangguan perkembangan anak, kejang demam, KPSP