Perubahan Morfologi Normal Spermatozoa Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus L) pada Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pare (Momodica charantia L)

Abstract

Abstract. Due to the rapidly increasing number of population in Indonesia each year. Family planning is an effort of restraining the rapid increase of population growth. However, men tend to show less interest on joining the family planning program. Bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L) is a plant which can be used as a natural contraception tool for men. The bitter melon contains cucurbitacin which can affect the spermatid differensiation becomes disturbed which affect spermatozoa normal morphology. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of  bitter melon ethanol extract administration  on the spermatozoa normal morphology of mice. This research was a laboratoric experimental research by using complete random design  method which was conducted in Biomedical Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University. The subject of this research were 28 mice (masculine). The mice were administrated bitter melon ethanol extract orally with the dose of 260 mg/kgWeight, 560 mg/kgWeight, and 1,120 mg/kgWeight for 35 days. Furthermore, mice were dissected and sperm specimens were given safranin staining, rinsed with a buffer solution and stained with crystal violet. Then it was analyzed using a 40x magnification light microscope objective lens. The results of the data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The results of the study were as follows: the mean normal morphology of spermatozoa in the control group was 90%, the group dose was 260 mg / kgWeight by 65%, 560 mg / kgWeight by 45.66% and 1,120 mg / kgWeight by 40.66%. The result showed the most significant decreasing point of dose of 1,120 mg/kgWeight. The decreasing spermatozoa normal morphology is also caused by the existence of saponin and momordicoside K (C₃₇H₅₈O₉), and L (C₃₆H₅₈O₉) in cucurbitacin which the main characteristic is restraining spermatogenesis which hinders the sperma quality so that spermatozoa normal morphology of mice.

Keywords: Bitter Melon, Morphology Normal Spermatozoa

Abstrak. Pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia bertambah pesat setiap tahunnya. Keluarga Berencana merupakan upaya pencegahan dari laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat, tetapi kecenderungan pria mengikuti program KB masih sedikit. Buah pare (Momordica charantia L) merupakan tanaman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alat kontrasepsi alami bagi pria. Buah pare mempunyai kandungan kukurbitasin yang dapat menganggu diferensiasi spermatid sehingga mempengaruhi morfologi normal spermatozoa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol buah pare terhadap morfologi normal spermatozoa mencit jantan. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratoris dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 28 ekor mencit jantan. Mencit kemudian diberikan ekstrak etanol buah pare secara peroral dengan dosis 260mg/kgBB, 560mg/kgBB, dan 1.120mg/kgBB selama 35 hari. Selanjutnya mencit dibedah dan spesimen sperma diberikan pewarnaan safranin, dibilas dengan larutan buffer dan diwarnai dengan kristal violet. Selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop cahaya pembesaran 40x lensa objektif. Hasil data dianalisis menggunakan  program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : rerata morfologi normal spermatozoa pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 90%, kelompok dosis 260 mg/kgBB sebesar 65%, 560 mg/kgBB sebesar 45.66% dan 1.120 mg/kgBB sebesar 40.66%. Hasil paling signifikan pada dosis 1.120 mg/kgBB. Berkurangnya morfologi normal spermatozoa selain disebabkan oleh kukurbitasin terdapat saponin dan momordikosida K (C₃₇H₅₈O₉),  dan L  (C₃₆H₅₈O₉) yang menghambat spermatogenesis yang menganggu morfologi normal spermatozoa mencit jantan.

Kata kunci : Buah Pare, Morfologi Normal Spermatozoa